{"id":136905,"date":"2020-03-02T11:21:54","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T08:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=136905"},"modified":"2020-03-02T11:21:54","modified_gmt":"2020-03-02T08:21:54","slug":"islam-v%c9%99-sigorta-ikinci-hiss%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=136905","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam v\u0259 s\u0131\u011forta (\u0130kinci hiss\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(\u018fvv\u0259li:\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/islam.az\/az\/mezhaleler\/i-slam-bu-zhun-sabah\/item\/2978-i-slam-vae-s-zhhorta-birindzi-hissae<\/a>)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 s\u0131\u011forta m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u0130slam aliml\u0259rinin bax\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n

Bildiyimiz kimi, s\u0131\u011forta ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1. Yard\u0131mla\u015fma s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131<\/p>\n

2. Yang\u0131n, sel, q\u0259za v\u0259 bu kimi riskl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259tbiq olunan ticar\u0259t s\u0131\u011fortalar\u0131<\/p>\n

S\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n bu sadalanan h\u0259r iki n\u00f6v\u00fc kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015f yay\u0131lsa da, s\u0131\u011forta deyil\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259sas\u0259n ikinci n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011forta ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130slam aliml\u0259ri aras\u0131na m\u00fcbahis\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan da el\u0259 ticari s\u0131\u011fortalard\u0131r. G\u0259lin h\u0259r iki n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011forta il\u0259 yar\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda tan\u0131\u015f olaq.<\/p>\n

1. Yard\u0131mla\u015fma s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131<\/p>\n

Buraya \u0259sas\u0259n sosial s\u0131\u011fortalar aid edilir ki, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bird\u0259n \u00e7ox adam bir yer\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131laraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f \u00f6d\u0259yib bu v\u0259saiti bir fondda toplay\u0131r v\u0259 faiz hesab\u0131na artmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259min v\u0259saiti investisiya \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u0259lirli sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yat\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bel\u0259 bir s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n h\u0259m \u00fczvl\u00fck haqq\u0131 (v\u0259 ya s\u0131\u011forta haqq\u0131), h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259ri ortaqlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131\u011forta m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir. Bu yard\u0131mla\u015fma qrupunun \u00fczvl\u0259rind\u0259n biri x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ndikd\u0259 onun m\u00fcalic\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri, t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qda t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u00fc, \u00f6ld\u00fckd\u0259 dul qalan h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131na v\u0259 ki\u00e7ik u\u015faqlara ayl\u0131q maa\u015f\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 bu yard\u0131mla\u015fman\u0131n \u0259hat\u0259sin\u0259 daxildir. \u0130slam dini bu c\u00fcr yard\u0131mla\u015fmalar\u0131 caiz g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r yandan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qrup insanlar\u0131n, t\u0259\u015fkilat \u00fczvl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ya s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n da \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda bu c\u00fcr yard\u0131mla\u015fma v\u0259qfl\u0259ri qurmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn v\u0259 caizdir.<\/p>\n

Quran v\u0259 s\u00fcnn\u0259d\u0259 bu c\u00fcr sosial yard\u0131mla\u015fmaya t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r h\u00f6kml\u0259r vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir ay\u0259d\u0259 bel\u0259 buyurulur:<\/p>\n

“Yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259kd\u0259 v\u0259 pis \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259kd\u0259 \u0259lbir olun, g\u00fcnah i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u0259kd\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7ilik etm\u0259kd\u0259 bir-biriniz\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yin”.<\/p>\n

Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r is\u0259 bir h\u0259disind\u0259 bel\u0259 buyurmu\u015fdur:<\/p>\n

“M\u0259n m\u00f6minl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n daha yax\u0131nam. H\u0259r hans\u0131 bir m\u00f6min \u00f6l\u0259nd\u0259 var-d\u00f6vl\u0259t qoyub gets\u0259, bu onun varisl\u0259rinindir. Bir borc qoyub gets\u0259 is\u0259 o borcu m\u0259n\u0259 g\u0259tirin. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u0259n onun m\u00f6vlas\u0131yam”.<\/p>\n

H\u0259dis kitablar\u0131nda r\u0259vay\u0259t olundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259, Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r mal\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259siyy\u0259t etm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n bir s\u0259hab\u0259y\u0259 onun \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birini v\u0259siyy\u0259t etm\u0259yi, yerd\u0259 qalan\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 varisl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ay\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa bir h\u0259disd\u0259 is\u0259 bildirilir ki, Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r B\u0259ni Nadir xurmalar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131r v\u0259 ail\u0259sinin bir illik azuq\u0259sini ay\u0131r\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

S\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ibnu’l \u018fqvan\u0131n r\u0259vay\u0259t etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, H\u0259vazin s\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin azuq\u0259si t\u00fck\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 dara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. D\u0259v\u0259l\u0259rini k\u0259sib yem\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rd\u0259n izin ist\u0259dil\u0259r. Onlara bu iznin verildiyini e\u015fid\u0259n Hz \u00d6m\u0259r miniksiz d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin daha b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti Allah\u0131n El\u00e7isin\u0259 \u0259rz edir. Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r \u0259mr edir ki, h\u0259r k\u0259s yerd\u0259 qalan azuq\u0259sini g\u0259tirsin. Azuq\u0259l\u0259r bir-birin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 R\u0259sulullah xeyir-b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t duas\u0131 oxuyur. Sonra bu azuq\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259hab\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 paylan\u0131r. Bu paylama hadis\u0259sin\u0259 “n\u0259hd”, y\u0259ni “ortaq azuq\u0259” deyilir.<\/p>\n

2. Yang\u0131n, sel, q\u0259za v\u0259 bu kimi riskl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259tbiq olunan ticar\u0259t s\u0131\u011fortalar\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 s\u0131\u011forta termini daha \u00e7ox bu ikinci n\u00f6v \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur. Bu n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011forta t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki \u0259sr \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130slam al\u0259mind\u0259 d\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi Avropada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n s\u0131\u011forta \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri d\u0259niz k\u0259nar\u0131nda olan b\u0259zi m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k, Avropaya ged\u0259n g\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nan mallar\u0131 s\u0131\u011fortalama\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0130slam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259zi \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fbirliyi quraraq oralarda da yerl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n lehind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259leyhind\u0259 iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u0130slam aliml\u0259rind\u0259n olan Mustafa \u0259z-Z\u0259rqa, Muh\u0259mm\u0259d Abduh, \u015e\u0259ltut v\u0259 Muh\u0259mm\u0259d \u0259l-B\u0259hiyy s\u0131\u011forta \u015firk\u0259tinin bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma \u015firk\u0259ti oldu\u011funu v\u0259 bu \u00fczd\u0259n d\u0259 s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n \u0130slama g\u00f6r\u0259 caiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. Bunlardan Muh\u0259mm\u0259d \u0259l-B\u0259hiyy bel\u0259 demi\u015fdir: “S\u0131\u011forta m\u00fcqavil\u0259si bir sat\u0131\u015f \u0259qdi deyil, z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259rin m\u00fcsib\u0259tl\u0259rini y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdirib onlara yard\u0131m \u0259lini uzatmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edil\u0259n bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma \u0259qdidir. \u0130st\u0259r mal, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259yat s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131 olsun, yard\u0131mla\u015fmadan v\u0259 \u0259l tutmaqd\u0131n ba\u015fqa bir mahiyy\u0259ti yoxdur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, k\u0259ndli mal-qaras\u0131n\u0131, tacir satl\u0131q mal\u0131n\u0131, ev sahibi evini, ma\u015f\u0131n sahibi ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131\u011forta el\u0259tdirir. \u00c7\u00fcnki z\u0259r\u0259r\u0259 girm\u0259yin \u00e7\u0259tin oldu\u011funu, t\u0259k ba\u015f\u0131na z\u0259r\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xa bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini, ancaq ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla bu y\u00fck\u00fcn y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259yini bilir. H\u0259yat s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131 etdir\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131\u011fortaya \u00fcz tutur. \u018fc\u0259lin Allah\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 oldu\u011funu, vaxt\u0131 tamam olanda bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 he\u00e7 kimin ala bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini q\u0259bul edir. S\u0131\u011fortaya \u00fcz tutmaqdak\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di is\u0259 odur ki, tez \u00f6l\u0259rs\u0259 ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yard\u0131m qayna\u011f\u0131 t\u0259min etmi\u015f olsun.<\/p>\n

Muh\u0259mm\u0259d H\u0259midullah v\u0259 b\u0259zi ba\u015fqa \u0130slam aliml\u0259ri d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi sosial yard\u0131mla\u015fma xarakterli s\u0131\u011forta anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul edir v\u0259 bunun Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r il\u0259 Hz \u00d6m\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olundu\u011funu bildirirl\u0259r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, sosial yard\u0131mla\u015fma yaln\u0131z a\u011f\u0131r risql\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq oluna bil\u0259r. Bildiyimiz kimi, \u0130slam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkin d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck bir m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f t\u0259l\u0259b olunmurdu. Bundan ba\u015fqa, evi ail\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259ll\u0259ri il\u0259 tik\u0259r, h\u0259tta material\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sin\u0259 pul da verm\u0259zdi. Bel\u0259 bir c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 v\u0259 yan\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 bir s\u0131\u011fortaya ehtiyac duyulmamas\u0131 t\u0259biidir. Amma bunun m\u00fcqabilind\u0259, \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 insan q\u0259tli kimi hallarla ba\u011fla sosial yard\u0131mla\u015fma institutlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck bir ehtiyac var idi. Hicr\u0259tin 1-ci ilind\u0259 t\u0259rtib olunan M\u0259din\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r-d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin Konstitusiyas\u0131nda bu kimi hallar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan sosial yard\u0131mla\u015fma fonduna “m\u0259aqil” deyilirdi. “\u018fqil\u0259” v\u0259 ya “m\u0259aqil” sistemi M\u0259din\u0259d\u0259ki \u0259r\u0259b q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rinin Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 sistemli bir \u015f\u0259kil alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259xs d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckd\u0259 onun qurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fidy\u0259, q\u0259tl v\u0259 fiziki z\u0259r\u0259r yetirm\u0259 hallar\u0131nda is\u0259 diy\u0259t \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. Bunlar\u0131n m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259sir v\u0259 ya m\u00fcq\u0259ssirl\u0259rin imkanlar\u0131 xaricind\u0259 olurdu. Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 yard\u0131mla\u015fma prinsipin\u0259 \u0259saslanan \u0259qil\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u0259aqil sistemini qurmu\u015fdu. Bu sistem\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, bir q\u0259bil\u0259nin h\u0259r bir \u00fczv\u00fc q\u0259bil\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259sin\u0259 pul ke\u00e7irir, bunun \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 imkan\u0131 xaricind\u0259 olan bir t\u0259zminat \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259li olduqda bu b\u00fcdc\u0259d\u0259n yard\u0131m al\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259tta q\u0259bil\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259si d\u0259 kifay\u0259t etm\u0259dikd\u0259, dig\u0259r qohum v\u0259 qon\u015fu q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r onlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 g\u0259lirdi. Daha sonra \u0259qil\u0259 sistemi Hz \u00d6m\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f, insanlar\u0131n sahib olduqlar\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq h\u0259rbi, m\u00fclki, idari kateqoriyalar\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 ya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bir t\u0259snifat apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Muh\u0259mm\u0259d H\u0259midullah\u0131n s\u0131\u011fortaya m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti bel\u0259dir ki, s\u0131\u011forta, prinsip olaraq h\u0259r bir f\u0259rdin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmaq qay\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259xs aras\u0131nda bir n\u0259f\u0259rin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. \u0130slam, s\u0259rmay\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslanan s\u0131\u011forta \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u0259rk\u0259zi h\u00f6kum\u0259tin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131\u011forta modelini \u00fcst\u00fcn tutur. Bel\u0259 bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lacaq s\u0259rmay\u0259 fondundan ticar\u0259td\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fld\u0259 edil\u0259n g\u0259lirl\u0259r artd\u0131qca art\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri s\u0131\u011forta haqq\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n azad edil\u0259, h\u0259tta onlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 periodik olaraq \u0259ld\u0259 olunan m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259td\u0259n pay veril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bax bel\u0259 bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma c\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 haqq \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k \u00fczv olan \u015f\u0259xs qar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 yan\u011f\u0131n, sel, avtomobil q\u0259zas\u0131 kimi h\u0259r c\u00fcr riskl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u0131\u011fortalanm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancaq s\u0131\u011forta edil\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6d\u0259dikl\u0259ri haqq nisb\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259td\u0259n pay almad\u0131qlar\u0131 s\u0259rmay\u0259 s\u0131\u011fortalar\u0131 bir n\u00f6v b\u0259xt oyunu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130slamda xo\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, 2006-ci ilin sentyabr ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin Diyan\u0259t \u0130\u015fl\u0259ri Ba\u015fqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Din \u0130\u015fl\u0259ri Ali Komissiyas\u0131 da s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n \u0130slam dinin\u0259 uy\u011fun oldu\u011funa q\u0259rar vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Komissiya \u00f6z q\u0259rar\u0131nda s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n \u0130slam\u0131n ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259lum olmayan, sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f bir \u0259qd oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015f v\u0259 qeyd etmi\u015fdir ki, \u0130slam dini ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan yeni durum v\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitl\u0259r\u0259 cavab ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k \u00f6z\u0259lliy\u0259 sahibdir. Q\u0259rarda ifad\u0259 olunurdu ki, Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 olmay\u0131b, daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u0259qdl\u0259r, “\u0130slam h\u00fcququnun \u0259saslar\u0131na zidd bir \u00fcns\u00fcr da\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, irad\u0259 b\u0259yan\u0131, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 raz\u0131la\u015fma” kimi din t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b olunan \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallarda s\u0259hihdir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rarda s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n qumar v\u0259 faiz kimi \u0130slam dini t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qada\u011fan olunmu\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flarla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259, s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n Allah\u0131n q\u00fcdr\u0259tin\u0259 meydan oxumaq oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131na d\u0259 diqq\u0259t ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, s\u0259sl\u0259ndiril\u0259n bu iddialar\u0131n tamamil\u0259 \u0259sass\u0131z oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi, sosial s\u0131\u011fortalar v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n caiz oldu\u011fu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox islam aliml\u0259ri fikir birliyind\u0259dirl\u0259r. Lakin ticari s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n h\u00f6km\u00fc m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 ixtilaf vard\u0131r. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 3 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1. Birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, ticari s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir n\u00f6v\u00fc caiz deyil. \u00c7\u00fcnki ticari s\u0131\u011forta qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nlik prinsipin\u0259 \u0259sasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qumar ya v\u0259 m\u0259rc kimi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 faiz\u0259 \u0259saslanan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara s\u00f6yk\u0259nir. Bundan ba\u015fqa s\u0131\u011forta haqs\u0131z yer\u0259 t\u0259zminat \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k dem\u0259kdir. S\u0131\u011forta m\u00fcqavil\u0259si t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 \u0259min-amanl\u0131q hissi kimi obyektiv anlay\u0131\u015f k\u0259sb etm\u0259y\u0259n bir \u00fcns\u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131\u011forta v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u0259yat s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131nda q\u0259za-q\u0259d\u0259r\u0259 meydan oxuma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130slam\u0131n qada\u011fan etdiyi bu \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259ri da\u015f\u0131yan s\u0131\u011forta da haram say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, s\u0131\u011forta\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011forta haqq\u0131, s\u0131\u011forta olunan\u0131n da t\u0259zminat almas\u0131 caiz deyil.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130kinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259yat s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131 caiz deyil. Mal v\u0259 \u0259\u015fya s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131 is\u0259 \u0259sas etibaril\u0259 caiz olmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r, m\u0259kruh say\u0131l\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa, faiz prinsipin\u0259 \u0259saslanan s\u0131\u011fortalar q\u0259tiyy\u0259n caiz deyil.<\/p>\n

3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131 qada\u011fan ed\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131q bir h\u00f6km olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, faiz qar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fcmumi \u0259xlaqa zidd olmamas\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6vl\u0259ri caizdir. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0130slama g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir \u015fey haqq\u0131nda qada\u011fanedici bir h\u00f6km olmayanda, h\u0259min \u015fey halal say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Unutmamal\u0131y\u0131q ki, \u0130slam dini yeni inki\u015faflar qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan durum v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 cavab ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 olmay\u0131b sonralar ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u0259qdl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda da eyni \u015feyl\u0259ri dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu \u0259qdl\u0259r \u0130slam h\u00fcququnun \u0259saslar\u0131na zidd bir \u00fcns\u00fcr da\u015f\u0131m\u0131rsa, \u0259qdin m\u00f6vzusu, irad\u0259 b\u0259yan\u0131, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 raz\u0131l\u0131q kimi din t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcns\u00fcr v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rsa, o zaman s\u0259hih say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0131\u011forta da Hz Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmayan v\u0259 klassik fiqh qaynaqlar\u0131nda yer almayan, m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f bir \u0259qddir. S\u0131\u011forta il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00f6km dinin m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda v\u0259 bu sah\u0259y\u0259 yax\u0131n h\u00f6kml\u0259rin \u00fcmumi prinsipl\u0259ri m\u00fcst\u0259visind\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndiril\u0259r\u0259k ortaya qoyula bil\u0259r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilkin olaraq s\u0131\u011forta m\u00f6vzusunda s\u0259sl\u0259ndiril\u0259n t\u0259nqidl\u0259r \u0259l\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131, daha sonra da \u00fcmumi bir d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(ard\u0131 var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u018fvv\u0259li:\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/islam.az\/az\/mezhaleler\/i-slam-bu-zhun-sabah\/item\/2978-i-slam-vae-s-zhhorta-birindzi-hissae) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 s\u0131\u011forta m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u0130slam aliml\u0259rinin bax\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bildiyimiz kimi, s\u0131\u011forta ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r: 1. Yard\u0131mla\u015fma s\u0131\u011fortas\u0131 2. Yang\u0131n, sel, q\u0259za v\u0259 bu kimi riskl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259tbiq olunan ticar\u0259t s\u0131\u011fortalar\u0131 S\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n bu sadalanan h\u0259r iki n\u00f6v\u00fc kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015f yay\u0131lsa da, s\u0131\u011forta deyil\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259sas\u0259n ikinci n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011forta ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130slam aliml\u0259ri aras\u0131na m\u00fcbahis\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan da el\u0259 ticari s\u0131\u011fortalard\u0131r. G\u0259lin h\u0259r iki n\u00f6v s\u0131\u011forta il\u0259 yar\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda tan\u0131\u015f olaq. 1. 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