Hicri t\u0259qvim H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259n Y\u0259srib\u0259 (M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259) hicr\u0259tind\u0259n (miladi tarixl\u0259 622-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131) hesablan\u0131r. Hicri t\u0259qvimd\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259r Ay\u0131n s\u0259hf\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (sferalar\u0131na) \u0259sas\u0259n t\u0259yin edilir. Bel\u0259 ki, hicri ay\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Ay hilal (aypara) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur, getdikc\u0259 b\u0259drl\u0259nir, ay\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru yen\u0259 hilal \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00abHicri t\u0259qvim\u00bb ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0259sas\u0259n, hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259qvim n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Bu t\u0259qvimin ad\u0131ndak\u0131 birinci s\u00f6z (\u00abhicri\u00bb) onun hicr\u0259t hadis\u0259sind\u0259n hesabland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ikinci s\u00f6z (\u00abq\u0259m\u0259r\u00bb) is\u0259 Ay sistemi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 quruldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n
Hicri t\u0259qvim 12 aydan ibar\u0259tdir: m\u00fch\u0259rr\u0259m, s\u0259f\u0259r, r\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259vv\u0259l, r\u0259bi\u00fcl-axir (v\u0259 ya r\u0259bi\u00fcs-sani), c\u0259madiy\u00fcl-\u0259vv\u0259l, c\u0259madiy\u00fcl-axir (v\u0259 ya c\u0259madiy\u00fcs-sani), r\u0259c\u0259b, \u015f\u0259ban, ramazan, \u015f\u0259vval, zilq\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 zilhicc\u0259. Aydak\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rin say\u0131 29 v\u0259 ya 30 olur. Ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc qabaqcadan konkret t\u0259yin etm\u0259k b\u0259z\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlik t\u00f6r\u0259dir. \u00c7\u00fcnki hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri ay\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 s\u0259mada Ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259si il\u0259 t\u0259yin edilir; bu is\u0259 Ay\u0131n s\u0259madak\u0131 m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259n, yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 buca\u011f\u0131ndan v\u0259 hava \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarixi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r islamdan \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 q\u0259m\u0259ri (Ay \u0259sasl\u0131) t\u0259qvim i\u015fl\u0259dirdil\u0259r. Lakin g\u00fcnl\u0259rin hesablanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 b\u0259zi m\u00fcst\u0259sna \u00fcsullara da m\u00fcraci\u0259t edirdil\u0259r (bax: n\u0259si). \u0130slam bu t\u0259qvimin qurulu\u015funu, aylar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131, \u00abharam aylar\u00bb qanununu t\u0259sdiq etdi, lakin n\u0259si kimi ad\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qada\u011fan qoydu.<\/p>\n
\u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259l \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r \u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tdar hadis\u0259l\u0259ri tarixin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131r, sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259ri ona nisb\u0259t\u0259n hesablay\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) be\u015finci n\u0259sild\u0259n ulu babas\u0131 Q\u00fcseyy ibn Kilab\u0131n v\u0259fat ili, daha sonra is\u0259 \u00abfil\u00bb ili \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c tarixi hesab edilirdi. Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259ri \u00abfil ilind\u0259n bir il sonra\u00bb, \u00abfil ilind\u0259n iki il sonra\u00bb v\u0259 s. ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edirdil\u0259r. \u0130slam\u0131n g\u0259li\u015find\u0259n sonra da m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar ficar sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, vida h\u0259ccinin v\u0259 sair\u0259 bu kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f verdiyi ill\u0259ri t\u0259qvimin \u0259vv\u0259li kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci x\u0259lif\u0259 \u00d6m\u0259r ibn X\u0259ttab\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (t\u0259qr. 637-\/638-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259) \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259 ilin s\u0131ra say\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259mi\u015f, yaln\u0131z ay\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 tarixl\u0259nmi\u015f bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259ktub g\u0259ldi. M\u0259ktublar\u0131n hans\u0131 il\u0259 aid oldu\u011funu t\u0259yin etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tinlik t\u00f6r\u0259dirdi. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar bel\u0259 q\u0259rara g\u0259ldil\u0259r ki, t\u0259qvimin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn konkret bir hadis\u0259 se\u00e7sinl\u0259r v\u0259 bundan sonra t\u0259qvimi d\u0259qiq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 nizamlas\u0131nlar. H\u0259r\u0259 bir t\u0259klif ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u0259zil\u0259ri dedil\u0259r ki, tariximizi Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin do\u011fulu\u015f ilind\u0259n hesablayaq. Amma bu t\u0259klifi q\u0259bul etm\u0259dil\u0259r; dedil\u0259r ki, Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r do\u011fulan il cahiliyy\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc idi v\u0259 o zaman \u0130slam dinind\u0259n \u0259s\u0259r-\u0259lam\u0259t bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130kinci d\u0259st\u0259d\u0259n olanlar dedil\u0259r ki, H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259din (s) pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rliy\u0259 t\u0259yin edildiyi ili tarix \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c se\u00e7\u0259k. Bu fikirl\u0259 d\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnki pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rlik ba\u015flayan g\u00fcn H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259dd\u0259n (s) ba\u015fqa m\u00fcs\u0259lman yox idi v\u0259 \u0130slam dini h\u0259l\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259t qazanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Daha bir qrup s\u0259hab\u0259 t\u0259klif etdi ki, qoy Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rimizin v\u0259fat ili tarixin \u0259vv\u0259li olsun. Amma \u00e7oxlar\u0131 bu s\u00f6z\u00fc naraz\u0131l\u0131qla qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131b s\u00f6yl\u0259dil\u0259r ki, tariximizi k\u0259d\u0259rli hadis\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015flamaq yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259lam\u0259t deyil.<\/p>\n
Bu zaman H\u0259zr\u0259t \u018fli ibn \u018fbu Talib t\u0259klif etdi ki, m\u00fcs\u0259lman tarixinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 hicr\u0259td\u0259n hesablans\u0131n. O \u00f6z fikrini bel \u0259sasland\u0131rd\u0131: Hicr\u0259t \u0130slam tarixinin \u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tdar v\u0259 h\u0259lledici n\u00f6qt\u0259sidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259 birg\u0259 M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259yib M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259 qalsayd\u0131lar, y\u0259qin ki, m\u0259hv olard\u0131lar, \u0130slam dini d\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k ya\u015famazd\u0131. Hicr\u0259t hadis\u0259si \u0130slama h\u0259yat b\u0259x\u015f etdi. \u0130slam Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 h\u0259m \u00f6l\u00fcm t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sind\u0259n xilas oldular, h\u0259m d\u0259 dini ya\u015fatd\u0131lar. Hicr\u0259td\u0259n sonra M\u0259din\u0259d\u0259 ilk \u0259sil m\u00fcs\u0259lman icmas\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131, \u0130slam dini insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na hakim oldu. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, hicr\u0259t g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130slam\u0131n ikinci ad g\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 adland\u0131rmaq olar.<\/p>\n
Ham\u0131 \u0130mam \u018flinin t\u0259klifi il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131. O g\u00fcnd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u0259qvimi hicr\u0259td\u0259n hesablanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u0259zi tarixi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r bunu s\u00fcbut edir ki, H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r (s) h\u0259l\u0259 \u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hicri t\u0259qvimi t\u0259tbiq edibmi\u015f. Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rimizin d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u0259zi s\u0259n\u0259d v\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131n sonunda \u00abhicri filan\u0131nc\u0131 ayda v\u0259 ya ild\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b\u00bb ifad\u0259sin\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin sonralar bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il boyu bu qaydaya \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259di. N\u0259hay\u0259t, \u00d6m\u0259r ibn X\u0259ttab\u0131n xilaf\u0259ti zaman\u0131 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 yenid\u0259n bax\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 hicri t\u0259qvim q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 mindi.<\/p>\n
Hal-haz\u0131rda hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259qvim bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259qvimi kimi istifad\u0259 edilir. Orucluq, h\u0259cc kimi ibad\u0259tl\u0259r hicri t\u0259qvim \u0259sas\u0131nda yerin\u0259 yetirilir. \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131nda is\u0259 hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvim q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259dir. Hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvimin d\u0259 ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 miladi 622-ci ild\u0259n hesablan\u0131r; lakin bu, G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f t\u0259qvimidir. \u0130lin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 Novruz bayram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Miladi ili hicri-\u015f\u0259msi il\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, ondan 622 \u0259d\u0259dini \u00e7\u0131xmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259qvimi is\u0259 miladi t\u0259qvim\u0259 d\u0259qiq \u00e7evirm\u0259k asan deyil. Bu t\u0259qviml\u0259rin aras\u0131nda h\u0259r il 10-12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck f\u0259rq yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, aylar\u0131n v\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259rin d\u0259qiq qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tapmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc sinxron c\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259rl\u0259 hesabat aparmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Kobud hesabatla hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri v\u0259 miladi t\u0259qviml\u0259rin birind\u0259n o birin\u0259 bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k olar: Hicri ili \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 32-y\u0259 vurur, sonra 33-\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcr, daha sonra \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 622 \u0259lav\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Miladi t\u0259qvimd\u0259n hicri t\u0259qvim\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259, miladi t\u0259qvimd\u0259n 622 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131l\u0131r, qal\u0131q 33-\u0259 vurulur, sonra is\u0259 32-\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Eyni zamanda sayt\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cKonvertor\u201d rubrikas\u0131 var ki, orada ist\u0259nil\u0259n miladi tarixi rahatca hicriy\u0259 v\u0259 hicrid\u0259n miladiy\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259 bil\u0259rsiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hicri t\u0259qvim H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259n Y\u0259srib\u0259 (M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259) hicr\u0259tind\u0259n (miladi tarixl\u0259 622-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131) hesablan\u0131r. Hicri t\u0259qvimd\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259r Ay\u0131n s\u0259hf\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (sferalar\u0131na) \u0259sas\u0259n t\u0259yin edilir. Bel\u0259 ki, hicri ay\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Ay hilal (aypara) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur, getdikc\u0259 b\u0259drl\u0259nir, ay\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru yen\u0259 hilal \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00abHicri t\u0259qvim\u00bb ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0259sas\u0259n, hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259qvim n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Bu t\u0259qvimin ad\u0131ndak\u0131 birinci s\u00f6z (\u00abhicri\u00bb) onun hicr\u0259t hadis\u0259sind\u0259n hesabland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ikinci s\u00f6z (\u00abq\u0259m\u0259r\u00bb) is\u0259 Ay sistemi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 quruldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Hicri t\u0259qvim 12 aydan ibar\u0259tdir: m\u00fch\u0259rr\u0259m, s\u0259f\u0259r, r\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259vv\u0259l, r\u0259bi\u00fcl-axir (v\u0259 ya r\u0259bi\u00fcs-sani), c\u0259madiy\u00fcl-\u0259vv\u0259l, c\u0259madiy\u00fcl-axir (v\u0259 ya c\u0259madiy\u00fcs-sani),…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":137800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M-300x248.jpg",300,248,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/602194768a8e459c848a96abe269a0b9_M.jpg",300,248,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Hicri t\u0259qvim H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259n Y\u0259srib\u0259 (M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259) hicr\u0259tind\u0259n (miladi tarixl\u0259 622-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131) hesablan\u0131r. Hicri t\u0259qvimd\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259r Ay\u0131n s\u0259hf\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (sferalar\u0131na) \u0259sas\u0259n t\u0259yin edilir. Bel\u0259 ki, hicri ay\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Ay hilal (aypara) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur, getdikc\u0259 b\u0259drl\u0259nir, ay\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru yen\u0259 hilal \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00abHicri t\u0259qvim\u00bb ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0259sas\u0259n, hicri-q\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259qvim n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Bu…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137799"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137799\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/137800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}