M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si \u00abd\u0259rs oxunan yer\u00bb dem\u0259kdir. M\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131na veril\u0259n \u00fcmumi add\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00fcn, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, yaln\u0131z \u201cmollaxana\u201d kimi anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r, vaxtil\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r rolunu oynay\u0131blar.<\/p>\n
\u0130slam dininin elm v\u0259 biliy\u0259 verdiyi m\u00fcst\u0259sna qiym\u0259t say\u0259sind\u0259 ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131nda t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. H\u0259l\u0259 H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u0259din\u0259d\u0259ki Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r M\u0259scidi dini bilikl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Burada savadl\u0131 s\u0259hab\u0259l\u0259r Qurani-k\u0259rim v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t h\u00f6kml\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259xz etdikl\u0259ri biliyi ba\u015fqalar\u0131na \u00f6yr\u0259dirdil\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, M\u0259din\u0259 m\u0259scidind\u0259ki \u00abs\u00fcff\u0259\u00bb adl\u0131 m\u0259kan y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin \u0259xlaq, m\u0259n\u0259viyyat v\u0259 m\u0259rif\u0259t m\u0259kt\u0259bi idi.<\/p>\n
Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 xilaf\u0259tin h\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 irili-x\u0131rdal\u0131 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bir qayda olaraq, dini elml\u0259r daha geni\u015f t\u0259dris edilirdi. M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin \u00e7oxu m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 deyil, kitabxanalar\u0131n, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rinin, m\u0259scidl\u0259rin n\u0259zdind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. IX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259si M\u0259munun \u0259mri il\u0259 Ba\u011fdadda t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015f \u00abBeyt\u00fcl-hikm\u0259\u00bb m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 (buran\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nas\u0131nda akademiya adland\u0131rmaq olard\u0131) ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 aliml\u0259r d\u0259rs ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. IX \u0259srd\u0259 Xorasan v\u0259 Orta Asiya \u0259razisind\u0259 onlarla m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 m\u00f6vcud idi. Buxara, Ni\u015fabur, Q\u0259zn\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 30-dan art\u0131q iri m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u018fks\u0259r m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti v\u0259qf sistemi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n
1998-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f \u00abGinnesin reskordlar kitab\u0131\u00bbnda yaz\u0131lanlara \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00fcnyada davaml\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n ilk ali t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131 859-cu ild\u0259 M\u0259rake\u015fin F\u0259s \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259sis edilmi\u015f Q\u0259r\u0259viyyin m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259si say\u0131l\u0131r. Burada ilahiyyat elml\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u0259r\u0259b dili qrammatikas\u0131, m\u0259ntiq, tibb, riyaziyyat, astronomiya, tarix, kimya, co\u011frafiya v\u0259 musiqi d\u0259 t\u0259dris edilirdi. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dey\u0259k ki, avropal\u0131lar m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlardan 240 il sonra \u2013 1088-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin ilk d\u00fcny\u0259vi t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 Bolonya Universitetini t\u0259sis etdil\u0259r. Q\u0259rb d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259xr etdiyi Oksford, Kembric v\u0259 Sarbonna universitetl\u0259rinin yaranma tarixi is\u0259 bundan da sonralara \u2013 XII-XIII \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 gedib-\u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015e\u0259rqinin \u0259n m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil v\u0259 universal t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131 1064-1066-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259lcuq sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259ziri, b\u00f6y\u00fck alim Xac\u0259 Nizam\u00fcl-m\u00fclk\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Ba\u011fdadda t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015f Nizamiyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259si say\u0131l\u0131r. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn imkanlar\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li t\u0259hsil \u015f\u0259raiti, \u0259n savadl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim kadrlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259n m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi t\u0259hsil proqram\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259chiz edilmi\u015f Nizamiyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif zamanlarda \u0130mam Q\u0259zzali, \u018fbu \u0130shaq \u015eirazi kimi \u00fcnl\u00fc aliml\u0259r r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Nizamiyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259k m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar deyil, Avropadan g\u0259lmi\u015f onlarla t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259, h\u0259tta q\u0259dim Yunan v\u0259 Roma f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si d\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 olunaraq burada t\u0259dris olunurdu. Halbuki Avropan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 bunlar\u0131 t\u0259dris ed\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259 elmi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259, n\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim tapmaq, dem\u0259k olar, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. Sonradan Avropal\u0131lar h\u0259min q\u0259dim Ellin f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini m\u0259hz \u0130slam m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki kitablardan yenid\u0259n \u0259xz etdil\u0259r. Nizamiyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259sinin B\u0259lx, Ni\u015fabur, Herat, \u0130sfahan, B\u0259sr\u0259, M\u0259rv, Mosul kimi iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 filiallar\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n
Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Ba\u011fdadda x\u0259lif\u0259 M\u00fcst\u0259nsirin t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi M\u00fcst\u0259nsiriyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259si, Qahir\u0259d\u0259 Sultan S\u0259lah\u0259ddinin v\u0259ziri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n himay\u0259 edil\u0259n Faziliyy\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259si, N\u0259c\u0259f \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n v\u0259 \u015fi\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k n\u00fcfuza malik olan dini elml\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Qahir\u0259d\u0259ki m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m \u0259l-\u018fzh\u0259r universiteti \u015e\u0259rqin klassik t\u0259hsil \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini u\u011furla davam etdirirdi.<\/p>\n
XVI-XVII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130stanbul, \u0130sfahan v\u0259 N\u0259c\u0259f \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 klassik dini t\u0259hsil istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 m\u00f6vcud idi. Bu m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq ibtidai dini t\u0259hsill\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li d\u0259rsl\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259dris edilirdi. M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxu d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n himay\u0259 olunurdu, bir hiss\u0259si d\u0259 v\u0259qf v\u0259 dini vergil\u0259r (x\u00fcms v\u0259 z\u0259kat) hesab\u0131na \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdirirdi.<\/p>\n
XVIII \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00fcmumd\u00fcnya siyas\u0259t s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130slam \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcn m\u00f6vqeyini itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 elmi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259si, Q\u0259rbin inki\u015faf etmi\u015f texnologiyalar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t t\u0259hsil sistemind\u0259 dur\u011funluq yaratd\u0131. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, XIX \u0259srd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 Q\u0259rb t\u0259hsil sistemin\u0259 ke\u00e7idl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u0259ld\u0259n verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Art\u0131q m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlara Quran oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259kl\u0259 \u00f6z v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini bitmi\u015f hesab edirdi.<\/p>\n
Hal-haz\u0131rda m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7oxlu m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259dir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n bu m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ibtidai dini savad verilir. Buran\u0131 bitir\u0259nl\u0259r g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li dini t\u0259dris ocaqlar\u0131nda \u00f6z t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si \u00abd\u0259rs oxunan yer\u00bb dem\u0259kdir. M\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131na veril\u0259n \u00fcmumi add\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, yaln\u0131z \u201cmollaxana\u201d kimi anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r, vaxtil\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r rolunu oynay\u0131blar. \u0130slam dininin elm v\u0259 biliy\u0259 verdiyi m\u00fcst\u0259sna qiym\u0259t say\u0259sind\u0259 ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131nda t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. H\u0259l\u0259 H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin (s) sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u0259din\u0259d\u0259ki Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r M\u0259scidi dini bilikl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Burada savadl\u0131 s\u0259hab\u0259l\u0259r Qurani-k\u0259rim v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t h\u00f6kml\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259xz etdikl\u0259ri biliyi ba\u015fqalar\u0131na \u00f6yr\u0259dirdil\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, M\u0259din\u0259 m\u0259scidind\u0259ki \u00abs\u00fcff\u0259\u00bb adl\u0131 m\u0259kan y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin \u0259xlaq,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":140383,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M-300x160.jpg",300,160,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M-240x160.jpg",240,160,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5c5f7391aa4309a2a5f06103dc6fd590_M.jpg",300,160,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si \u00abd\u0259rs oxunan yer\u00bb dem\u0259kdir. M\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131na veril\u0259n \u00fcmumi add\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, yaln\u0131z \u201cmollaxana\u201d kimi anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r, vaxtil\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r rolunu oynay\u0131blar. \u0130slam dininin elm v\u0259 biliy\u0259 verdiyi m\u00fcst\u0259sna qiym\u0259t say\u0259sind\u0259 ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131nda t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. H\u0259l\u0259 H\u0259zr\u0259t M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=140382"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140382\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/140383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=140382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=140382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=140382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}