\u201cB\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin ustad\u0131\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bli b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259f\u0259ri alimi Xac\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Tusi hicri 597-ci ild\u0259 (miladi 1201-ci il) \u0130ran\u0131n Tus \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Onun H\u0259m\u0259danda ya Qumda ya da Sav\u0259nin C\u0259hrud k\u0259ndind\u0259 do\u011fuldu\u011funu yazanlar da vard\u0131r. Tam s\u00fcbuta yetm\u0259y\u0259n m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, Tusi Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li ail\u0259d\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
O, ilk t\u0259hsilini atas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur aliml\u0259rinin, \u043e c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, \u0130bn Meys\u0259m B\u0259hraninin (\u201cN\u0259hc\u00fcl-b\u0259la\u011f\u0259\u201dnin \u015f\u0259rh\u00e7isi) v\u0259 M\u00fch\u0259qqiq Hillinin d\u0259rsl\u0259rin\u0259 getmi\u015fdir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, o, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 B\u0259hm\u0259nyar v\u0259 \u0130bn Sina f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
M\u0259cburi xidm\u0259t<\/p>\n
N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi t\u0259qrib\u0259n 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n monqollar\u0131n Xorasana h\u00fccum dal\u011fas\u0131 ba\u015flandi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 o, Tusu t\u0259rk edib, \u0130ran\u0131n Kuhistan vilay\u0259tin\u0259 \u2013 ismaili h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na getdi. Tusi uca da\u011f silsil\u0259sinin zirv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini qurmu\u015f ismailil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259cburiyy\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda (monqollardan qa\u00e7araq) p\u0259nah aparmas\u0131n\u0131 gizl\u0259tmirdi. Yaln\u0131z burada Tusi \u00f6z elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn az-\u00e7ox uy\u011fun \u015f\u0259rait tapa bilmi\u015fdi. Tusi ismailil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ehtiramla qar\u015f\u0131lansa da, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra h\u00f6kmdarla yaranm\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmazl\u0131q n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259bs\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t dustaq h\u0259yat\u0131 ya\u015fayan Xac\u0259 Tusi orada da \u00f6z elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini dayand\u0131rmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
1255-ci ild\u0259 R\u00fckn\u0259ddin Xur\u015fah is\u00acmailil\u0259rin yeni h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 se\u00e7ildikd\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi h\u0259bsd\u0259n azad edildi. Lakin b\u00f6hranl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259r ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. H\u00fclaku xan\u0131n s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259lik etdiyi \u201cm\u0259\u011flubedilmaz\u201d monqol ordusu vilay\u0259tl\u0259ri f\u0259th ed\u0259r\u0259k birba\u015fa ismaili qalalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259lirdi. Bel\u0259 bir zamanda Tusi h\u0259d\u0259r itkil\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u00f6kmdar Xur\u015faha m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcr ki, k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc sur\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259slim olsun. Xur\u015fah \u00f6z a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isinin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qulaq as\u0131b H\u00fclakuya t\u0259slim olur.<\/p>\n
H\u00fclaku xan Tusinin parlaq z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k, onu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259zir t\u0259yin edir. N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi onun saray m\u00fcn\u0259ccimi v\u0259zif\u0259sini d\u0259 icra edirdi.<\/p>\n
\u201cZ\u0259man\u0259nin anas\u0131 bu c\u00fcr o\u011ful do\u011fmay\u0131b\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi hicri 672-ci il zilhicc\u0259 ay\u0131n\u0131n 18-d\u0259 Q\u0259dir-X\u00fcm bayram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 (miladi 1274-c\u00fc il) v\u0259fat etmi\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6z v\u0259siyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Ba\u011f\u00acdad yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Kazimeyn m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 yeddinci imam H\u0259zr\u0259t Musa Kazim (a) v\u0259 doqquzuncu imam M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d T\u0259qinin (a) m\u0259qb\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rinin k\u0259nar\u0131nda d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdur. Deyirl\u0259r ki, Ba\u011fdadda d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n Tusiy\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n az qabaq t\u0259klif edirl\u0259r ki, v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra onun n\u0259\u015fini N\u0259c\u0259f v\u0259 ya K\u0259rb\u0259la \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 apar\u0131b d\u0259fn etsinl\u0259r. Lakin alim etiraz edib deyir: \u201c\u0130ki imam\u0131n m\u0259zar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fcm halda, burada deyil, ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fn edilm\u0259kd\u0259n utan\u0131ram. M\u0259ni el\u0259 bu iki imam\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u0259fn ed\u0259rsiniz\u201d. Xac\u0259 Tusinin m\u0259zar da\u015f\u0131nda bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri yazd\u0131lar: \u201cDinin v\u0259 mill\u0259tin yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, elm m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00f6kmdar\u0131. Z\u0259man\u0259nin anas\u0131 bu g\u00fcn\u0259 kimi bel\u0259 bir o\u011ful do\u011fmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n
Tusinin \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu da elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015fdur. Alimin n\u0259slinin bir qolu Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Ordubad b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259tta deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u015eah Abbas Tusinin n\u0259slinin xatirin\u0259 Ordubad\u0131 vergid\u0259n azad edibmi\u015f. Qa\u00e7aq N\u0259binin dostu Mehdixan Ordubadski, m\u0259\u015fhur \u015fair v\u0259 dramaturq \u0130slam S\u0259f\u0259rli, Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 Q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 Abbas Quliyev N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin n\u0259slind\u0259n idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Tusi din alimi kimi<\/p>\n
M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Tusinin \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 50, farsca 40 kitab yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Xac\u0259 Tusi b\u0259z\u0259n yaln\u0131z d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259rin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisi kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 onun din sah\u0259sind\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri etinas\u0131zl\u0131qla unudulur. Halbuki, Tusi h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 din alimi v\u0259 m\u00fcct\u0259hid idi. C\u0259f\u0259ri m\u0259zh\u0259binin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda v\u0259 Elxanil\u0259r saray\u0131nda bu m\u0259zh\u0259bin n\u00fcfuz qazanmas\u0131nda onun rolu \u0259v\u0259zolunmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz, Tusinin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur dini \u0259s\u0259ri \u201cT\u0259srid \u0259l-etiqad\u201d risal\u0259sidir. C\u0259f\u0259riliyin b\u00fct\u00fcn ideoloji prinsipl\u0259rini y\u0131\u011fcam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bu kitaba h\u0259m \u015fi\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 s\u00fcnni aliml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r v\u0259 ha\u015fiy\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ensiklopedik alim<\/p>\n
N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi \u0259ruz v\u0259zninin inc\u0259likl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d idi, \u0259r\u0259b va fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rli \u015feir n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259\u015fhur \u015fair H\u00fcmam T\u0259brizi Xac\u0259 Tusinin \u015fagirdi olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Tusi \u201cOvsaf \u0259l-\u0259\u015fraf\u201d v\u0259 \u201cM\u0259qamat \u0259l-arifin\u201d \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini yazmaqla \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l bir arif kimi t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fdir. \u041e, \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur arifl\u0259rind\u0259n say\u0131lan \u015eeyx F\u0259rid\u0259ddin \u018fttar Ni\u015faburi il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, M\u00fchyiddin ibn \u018fr\u0259bi v\u0259 S\u0259dr\u0259ddin Kony\u0259vi il\u0259 m\u0259ktubla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. S\u0259dr\u0259ddin Kony\u0259vi Xac\u0259 Tusiy\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda onu \u201cf\u0259zil\u0259tl\u0259r sahibi, ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259kil\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259rin f\u0259xri, z\u0259man\u0259nin sahibl\u0259rinin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131, haqq\u0131n v\u0259 dinin k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tusi \u0130bn Sinan\u0131n \u201cQanun\u201d kitab\u0131na \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015f, \u043e c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131n, minerallar\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 insan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259siri bar\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cT\u0259nsuxnam\u0259\u201d \u0259s\u0259rini q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tusi b\u0259d\u0259nin m\u00fcalic\u0259si il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, ruhun m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6qsanlardan v\u0259 r\u0259zal\u0259td\u0259n xilas edilm\u0259si yollar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda da \u201c\u018fxlaqi-Nasiri\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Riyaziyyat<\/p>\n
Tusi \u00fc\u00e7buca\u011f\u0131n daxili bucaqlar\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259mi aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259ni tapm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcasir t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259l\u0259n \u0259d\u0259d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 verm\u0259kl\u0259 Avropa aliml\u0259rini 400 il qabaqlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tusi \u201c\u015e\u0259kl \u0259l-qita\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259vi v\u0259 sferik triqanometriyan\u0131n \u0259sas teoreml\u0259rini izah etmi\u015f, bununla h\u0259min elmi s\u0259rb\u0259st riyazi f\u0259nn \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, \u0259d\u0259dd\u0259n ist\u0259nil\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 k\u00f6kalma qaydas\u0131n\u0131, \u0259d\u0259d \u00fc\u00e7buca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n bino\u00acminal \u0259msallar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, Nyuton binomunu s\u00f6zl\u0259 ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Tusinin riyaziyyat kitablar\u0131 XVI-XVII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Romada lat\u0131n dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015f, Lejandr v\u0259 ba\u015fqa Avropa aliml\u0259rinin elmi t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131na t\u0259kanverici t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Tusi Evklidin be\u015finci postulat\u0131n\u0131n isbat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn orijinal \u00fcsul t\u0259klif etmi\u015fdir. M\u0259\u015fhur rus alimi, qeyri-Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sinin banisi Loba\u00e7evski Kazan Universitetind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n h\u0259mkar\u0131 Mirz\u0259 Kaz\u0131m b\u0259yd\u0259n xahi\u015f etmi\u015fdi ki, N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin riyaziyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259ki \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n bir qismini onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etsin. H\u0259min yaz\u0131larla tan\u0131\u015f olduqdan sonra Loba\u00e7evski \u00f6z t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 davam etdirir v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 qeyri-Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259si yaran\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusini \u0259slind\u0259 qeyri-Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sinin ideya m\u00fca\u0259llifl\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n
Riyaziyyat tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Tusi k\u0259srl\u0259rin toplanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimal \u00fcsul t\u0259klif etmi\u015fdir. O zamana kimi k\u0259srl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 riyazi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar zaman\u0131 m\u0259xr\u0259cl\u0259rin ortaq b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259nini tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq m\u0259xr\u0259cl\u0259ri bir-birin\u0259 vurur v\u0259 hasilini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, s\u0259kkizd\u0259-\u00fc\u00e7 v\u0259 alt\u0131da-be\u015f k\u0259srl\u0259rini toplayark\u0259n, 8-l\u0259 6-n\u0131n hasili olan 48 \u0259d\u0259dini ortaq m\u0259xr\u0259c kimi q\u0259bul edirdil\u0259r. Tusi ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259n ki\u00e7ik ortaq b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259tbiq etdi. Y\u0259ni iki k\u0259srin m\u0259xr\u0259cinin \u0259n ki\u00e7ik ortaq b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259nini tapma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259klif etdi. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu \u0259d\u0259d 24-\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, hesabatlar zaman\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b riyazi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar aparma\u011fa ehtiyac qalm\u0131r v\u0259 hesabatlar xeyli asanla\u015f\u0131r. Qeyd etm\u0259k yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r ki, vurma c\u0259dv\u0259li d\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Tusinin \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 verilib.<\/p>\n
Astronomiya<\/p>\n
Xac\u0259 Tusi d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 H\u00fclaku xandan xahi\u015f etmi\u015fdi ki, r\u0259s\u0259dxana tikdirm\u0259k haqq\u0131nda s\u0259r\u0259ncam versin. H\u00fclaku xan tikinti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fin b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u0259nib Xac\u0259d\u0259n soru\u015fur: \u201cAx\u0131 bu r\u0259s\u0259dxanan\u0131n n\u0259 faydas\u0131 var ki, bu q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fin x\u0259rcl\u0259nm\u0259sini xahi\u015f edirs\u0259n? M\u0259g\u0259r ulduzlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 taleyi d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr?\u201d<\/p>\n
Tusi bir n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131r ki, ordu d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259sinin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u0259p\u0259y\u0259 qalx\u0131b ham\u0131dan x\u0259b\u0259rsiz halda bir mis te\u015fti t\u0259p\u0259d\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ats\u0131n. Mis te\u015ft yer\u0259 d\u0259yib, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli s\u0259s \u00e7\u0131xararaq diyirl\u0259nir. \u018fsg\u0259rl\u0259r n\u0259 is\u0259 f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcb qorxu i\u015find\u0259 ora-bura vurnuxma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. Yaln\u0131z H\u00fclaku xan v\u0259 Xac\u0259 Tusi qabaqcadan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olduqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sakitc\u0259 hadis\u0259ni izl\u0259yirl\u0259r. Bu zaman Tusi h\u00f6kmdara deyir: \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u0259nmi, bizd\u0259n ba\u015fqa ham\u0131 qorxu i\u00e7ind\u0259dir, \u00e7\u00fcnki hadis\u0259nin s\u0259b\u0259bini bilmirl\u0259r va qabaqcadan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmay\u0131blar. \u018fg\u0259r yerd\u0259 sakit ya\u015famaq ist\u0259yirs\u0259ns\u0259, g\u00f6yd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259lis\u0259n. Biz s\u0259man\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ets\u0259k, G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin tutulmas\u0131, z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259, tufan kimi hadis\u0259l\u0259ri qabaqlaya bil\u0259rik. Onda qo\u015fun indiki kimi d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259z v\u0259 he\u00e7 bir t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259td\u0259n qorxmaz\u201d. Bundan sonra H\u00fclaku xan alimin m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tini q\u0259bul edib, r\u0259s\u0259dxanan\u0131n tikilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259r\u0259ncam verir.<\/p>\n
Tusi yeni r\u0259s\u0259dxana \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Mara\u00ac\u011fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini se\u00e7ir. Tikinti i\u015fl\u0259ri 1259-cu ild\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r. R\u0259s\u0259dxana kompleksinin uzunlu\u011fu 350, eni is\u0259 150 metr idi. \u041e d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n yeni avadanl\u0131qlarla t\u0259chiz edilmi\u015f r\u0259s\u0259dxanan\u0131n 400 min n\u00fcsx\u0259lik fonda malik z\u0259ngin kitabxanas\u0131 var idi. \u018fld\u0259 olan m\u0259lumatlara \u0259sas\u0259n, Mara\u011fa r\u0259s\u0259dxa\u00acnas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunan cihazlardan be\u015fi buran\u0131n \u00f6z i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ixtira edilmi\u015fdi. Deyirl\u0259r ki, XVI \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f danimarkal\u0131 astronom Tixo Brage \u00f6z r\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131nda Mara\u011fada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f f\u0131rlanan kvadrantlardan istifad\u0259 edirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
B\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, monqol h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Mengu xan\u0131n (H\u00fclakunun qarda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n) \u0259mri il\u0259 Pekind\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman aliml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikilmi\u015f r\u0259s\u0259dxanan\u0131n layih\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 Mara\u011fa r\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f, Pekin r\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131n\u0131n memar\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n Mara\u011faya g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi il\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdi. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 R\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin F\u0259zlullah \u201cCame \u0259l-t\u0259varix\u201d kitab\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verir.<\/p>\n
R\u0259s\u0259dxanan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259vacib t\u0259yin edilmi\u015f, burada t\u0259dqiqat aparmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259s \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli i\u015f \u015f\u0259raiti yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n aliml\u0259r Mara\u011faya g\u0259lib elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar da var idi.<\/p>\n
Xac\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi 15 il \u0259rzind\u0259 Mara\u011fa r\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131na ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etmi\u015fdir. Onun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda tartib edilmi\u015f \u201cZici-Elxani\u201d adl\u0131 astronomik kataloq haql\u0131 olaraq orta \u0259srl\u0259rin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck elmi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n hesab olunur. \u201cZici-Elxani\u201d kataloqunda \u00c7in, T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan, \u0130ran v\u0259 \u018frabistanda i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n t\u0259qviml\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si verilmi\u015f, bir t\u0259qvimd\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k yollar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. Bu kitabda planetl\u0259rin orta sutkal\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri \u043e d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn heyr\u0259tamiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 qeyd edilmi\u015fdir. Kataloqa Ay v\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 qabaqcadan x\u0259b\u0259r verm\u0259k u\u00e7\u00fcn r\u0259s\u0259dxanada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l c\u0259dv\u0259l, parlaq ulduzlar\u0131n ekliptik koordinatlar c\u0259dv\u0259li d\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 olunmu\u015fdu. Xristofor Kolumbun m\u00fc\u0259llimi Toskanelli bu c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmi\u015f, c\u0259dv\u0259lin \u00f6z\u00fc 1652-ci ild\u0259 Londonda, 1711-ci ild\u0259 Oksfordda \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 lat\u0131n dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Mara\u011fa r\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131nda apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n t\u0259hlili bunu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi Kolumbdan iki \u0259sr \u00f6nc\u0259 Q\u0259rb yar\u0131mk\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 quru torpaq sah\u0259sinin (Amerikan\u0131n) olmas\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rdar imi\u015f. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cZici-Elxani\u201d kitab\u0131nda d\u00fcnya x\u0259rit\u0259si meridian x\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259rk\u0259n s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 meridian x\u0259tti indiki Qrinvi\u00e7d\u0259n 34-35 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 q\u0259rbd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilib. O zamank\u0131 co\u011frafiya elmin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 buralar okean say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Amma m\u00fcasir x\u0259rit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q zaman\u0131 m\u0259lum olur ki, C\u0259nubi Amerika materikinin \u015f\u0259rq qurtaraca\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hz h\u0259min meridiandan ke\u00e7ir. Y\u0259ni buralar C\u0259nubi Amerika materikinin \u015f\u0259rq\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n n\u00f6qt\u0259sidir. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 ehtimal etm\u0259k olar ki, N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi \u00f6z x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 meridian x\u0259ttini o zamanlar m\u0259lum olan \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi torpaqlardak\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n deyil, m\u0259hz h\u0259min yerd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259kl\u0259 burada quru torpaq sah\u0259sinin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259rdar oldu\u011funu bildirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
(ard\u0131 var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201cB\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin ustad\u0131\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bli b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259f\u0259ri alimi Xac\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Tusi hicri 597-ci ild\u0259 (miladi 1201-ci il) \u0130ran\u0131n Tus \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. Onun H\u0259m\u0259danda ya Qumda ya da Sav\u0259nin C\u0259hrud k\u0259ndind\u0259 do\u011fuldu\u011funu yazanlar da vard\u0131r. Tam s\u00fcbuta yetm\u0259y\u0259n m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, Tusi Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li ail\u0259d\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. O, ilk t\u0259hsilini atas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur aliml\u0259rinin, \u043e c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, \u0130bn Meys\u0259m B\u0259hraninin (\u201cN\u0259hc\u00fcl-b\u0259la\u011f\u0259\u201dnin \u015f\u0259rh\u00e7isi) v\u0259 M\u00fch\u0259qqiq Hillinin d\u0259rsl\u0259rin\u0259 getmi\u015fdir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, o, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 B\u0259hm\u0259nyar v\u0259 \u0130bn Sina f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. M\u0259cburi xidm\u0259t N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi t\u0259qrib\u0259n 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n monqollar\u0131n Xorasana h\u00fccum dal\u011fas\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":143489,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M-300x203.jpg",300,203,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/47234ded7135c9728a20f0044ddce280_M.jpg",300,203,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u201cB\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin ustad\u0131\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bli b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259f\u0259ri alimi Xac\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin M\u00fch\u0259mm\u0259d Tusi hicri 597-ci ild\u0259 (miladi 1201-ci il) \u0130ran\u0131n Tus \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. Onun H\u0259m\u0259danda ya Qumda ya da Sav\u0259nin C\u0259hrud k\u0259ndind\u0259 do\u011fuldu\u011funu yazanlar da vard\u0131r. Tam s\u00fcbuta yetm\u0259y\u0259n m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, Tusi Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li ail\u0259d\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. O, ilk t\u0259hsilini atas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur aliml\u0259rinin, \u043e…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143488"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=143488"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143488\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/143489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=143488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=143488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=143488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}