{"id":162759,"date":"2020-05-10T13:44:37","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T10:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=162759"},"modified":"2020-05-10T13:44:37","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T10:44:37","slug":"50-milyon-insani-oldur%c9%99n-pandemiya-ispan-qripi-dunyani-n%c9%99-hala-salmisdi-foto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=162759","title":{"rendered":"50 milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259n pandemiya – \u0130span qripi d\u00fcnyan\u0131 n\u0259 hala salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 – FOTO"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130span qripi” haqq\u0131nda he\u00e7 n\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259misinizs\u0259, 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli pandemiyaya aid m\u0259lumatlarla tan\u0131\u015f olma\u011f\u0131n \u0259sl zaman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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ARANTV.AZ<\/strong> virtualaz.org-a istinad\u0259n bildirir ki, 1918-20-ci ill\u0259r aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015f vermi\u015f pandemiya o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 2 milyarddan az olan d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birin\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20-50 milyon aras\u0131 adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259xminl\u0259rin \u0259n ki\u00e7iyi do\u011fru olmu\u015f olsa bel\u0259, “ispan qripi” h\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 davam ed\u0259n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox insan t\u0259lafat\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Covid-19 b\u00f6hran\u0131yla m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin yollar\u0131n\u0131 axtarmaqdayk\u0259n “ispan qripi” pandemiyas\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyada n\u0259l\u0259r oldu\u011funu yada salaq.<\/p>\n

1921-ci ild\u0259 d\u00fcnya tamam ba\u015fqayd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

O ill\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salanda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 100 il \u0259rzind\u0259 xeyli d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini g\u00f6rm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin deyil.<\/p>\n

Tibb elminin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, d\u0259qiq elml\u0259rin o d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki imkanlar\u0131 indikind\u0259n xeyli az\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u0259kiml\u0259r “ispan qripi”nin b\u0259zi mikroorqanizml\u0259rd\u0259n qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259liyin insandan insana ke\u00e7diyini bilirdil\u0259r, amma \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bin virus yox, bakteriya oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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M\u00fcalic\u0259 imkanlar\u0131 da \u00e7ox m\u0259hduduydu. T\u0259kc\u0259 bunu xat\u0131rlaman\u0131z yet\u0259r ki, ilk antibiotik pandemiyadan 8 il sonra k\u0259\u015ff edilmi\u015f, ilk qrip peyv\u0259ndi 1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 icad olunmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

\u018fn ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131 is\u0259 xalqa pulsuz s\u0259hiyy\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259klif ed\u0259n qurumlar h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00f6vcud deyildi.<\/p>\n

“Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World” (“Sol\u011fun atl\u0131: 1918-ci ild\u0259ki “ispan qripi” v\u0259 o, d\u00fcnyan\u0131 nec\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdi”) kitab\u0131nda “ispan qripi”nin d\u00fcnyan\u0131 nec\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259sind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n Laura Spinney yaz\u0131r ki, “S\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259kiml\u0259rin \u00e7oxu \u00f6z\u0259l m\u00fcayin\u0259xanalarda v\u0259 ya yard\u0131m qurulu\u015flar\u0131yla dini qurumlar\u0131n a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259xanalrda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. X\u0259st\u0259xanalar insanlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atmaz\u0131yd\u0131”.<\/p>\n

G\u0259ncl\u0259r v\u0259 yoxsullar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u0259ziyy\u0259ti daha da pisl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n m\u0259qamlardan biri “ispan qripi”nin \u0259vv\u0259lki pandemiyalardan – m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1889-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 1 milyon insan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na son qoymu\u015f infeksiyadan xeyli f\u0259rqli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Virus daha \u00e7ox 20-40 ya\u015f aras\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunun \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri x\u0259st\u0259liyin, b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimal, Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259lik h\u0259rbi d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 v\u0259 evl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00f6n\u0259n \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. O vaxt pandemiya \u0259sas\u0259n kas\u0131b \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259r vurmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

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Harvard Universitetinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 Frank Barro 2020-ci ild\u0259 d\u0259rc edil\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131nda yaz\u0131r ki, AB\u015e-da h\u0259r min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n be\u015fi (550 min n\u0259f\u0259r), Hindistanda is\u0259 17 milyon insan (5,2%) “ispan qripi”nd\u0259n \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

“Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin v\u0259 “ispan qripi”nin s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259rd\u0259n sonra arxada b\u00f6y\u00fck bir iqtisadi xarabal\u0131q qald\u0131”- bunu is\u0259 “1918-ci il pandemiyas\u0131” kitab\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi Catharine Arnold yaz\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan n\u0259n\u0259-babas\u0131 da bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin qurban\u0131 olub.<\/p>\n

“Bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 pandemiyadan sonra ail\u0259nin ma\u011fazas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259c\u0259k, tarlas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fumlayacaq, heyvanlar\u0131na baxacaq, ticar\u0259tini idar\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k, evl\u0259nib n\u0259slini davam etdir\u0259c\u0259kg\u0259nc ki\u015fil\u0259rin \u00e7oxu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc” – bunlar da Arnoldun yazd\u0131qlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc ki, milyonlarla qad\u0131n ail\u0259 qura bilm\u0259mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

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Yeni i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si – qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Do\u011frudur, “ispan qripi” 14-c\u00fc \u0259srd\u0259 feodalizmin sonunu g\u0259tirmi\u015f “Qara v\u0259ba” pandemiyas\u0131 kimi ictimai d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, ancaq bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 cinsl\u0259rin ictimai h\u0259yatdak\u0131 rolunu k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259si birm\u0259nal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Texas A&M Universitetinin ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Christine Blackburn deyir ki, AB\u015e-da \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259rd\u0259n sonra yaranm\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 qad\u0131nlara i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k f\u00fcrs\u0259ti yarad\u0131b: “1920-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 miqyas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sinin 21%-ini qad\u0131nlar t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi”.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 qad\u0131nlara s\u0259sverm\u0259 haqq\u0131 tan\u0131yan konstitusiya d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi d\u0259 (19-cu madd\u0259) Konqresd\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min il q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

“1918-ci ild\u0259ki “ispan qripi”nin bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n haqlar\u0131na t\u0259sir etdiyini s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n d\u0259lill\u0259r var” – Blackburn bel\u0259 deyir.<\/p>\n

Qripin i\u015f h\u0259yat\u0131na ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259siri i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan b\u0259zi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259mkarlar ittifaqlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si, b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 maa\u015flar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

AB\u015e-\u0131n r\u0259smi statistikas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, emal s\u0259nayesind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131s\u0131 1915-ci il\u0259dki 21 sentd\u0259n 1920-ci ild\u0259ki 56 sent\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Yeni n\u0259sill\u0259r \u00e7iyinl\u0259rind\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259 do\u011fuldular<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r “ispan qripi” ill\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulan u\u015faqlar\u0131n da h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b. M\u0259lum olub ki, bu pandemiyadan \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 sonra d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259l\u0259n u\u015faqlarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 onlar \u00fcr\u0259k probleml\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 dig\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Britaniya v\u0259 Braziliyada apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar 1918-19-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 anadan olan u\u015faqlar\u0131n dig\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha az t\u0259hsilli oldu\u011funu v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox i\u015fsiz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b.<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, pandemiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 hamil\u0259 qalan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131 u\u015faqlar\u0131n ana b\u0259tnind\u0259ki inki\u015faf\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir edib.<\/p>\n

AB\u015e-da h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lanlara ba\u011fl\u0131 statistikan\u0131n analizi d\u0259 maraql\u0131 bir fakt a\u015fkar edib – 1915-22-ci ill\u0259r aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fulanlara aid orduya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f m\u0259lumatlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcb ki, 1919-cu ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin orta boy g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi dig\u0259r ill\u0259rd\u0259 anadan olanlar\u0131n boyundan t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1 mm az olub.<\/p>\n

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M\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7ilik v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q<\/strong><\/h2>\n

O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Hindistan art\u0131q 100 ild\u0259n \u00e7oxuydu ki, Britaniyan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259siydi.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 1918-ci ilin may ay\u0131nda peyda olan “ispan qripi” ingilisl\u0259r\u0259 yerli xalqlardan daha az yoluxmu\u015fdu. H\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u0259 aid statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, virus a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kastalardan hesab olunan hindular\u0131n h\u0259r min n\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 62-sini, Hindistanda ya\u015fayan avropal\u0131lar\u0131nsa h\u0259r min n\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 9-nu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Pandemiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Hindistan\u0131n milli suverenliyi t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 ingilis m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin b\u00f6hran\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259dikl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yi uca s\u0259sl\u0259 dil\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131blar. Mahatma Ghandi-nin 1919-cu ild\u0259 d\u0259rc etdiyi “Young \u0130ndia” (“G\u0259nc Hindistan”) jurnal\u0131 Britaniyan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i ida\u0259etm\u0259 sistemini \u00e7ox s\u0259rt t\u0259nqid edib.<\/p>\n

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“Bel\u0259 qorxunc v\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 bir epidemiyan\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 he\u00e7 bir m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Hindistandak\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r bacar\u0131qs\u0131zl\u0131q n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259yib” – jurnal\u0131n ba\u015f m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 bel\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan b\u00f6y\u00fck geosiyasi probleml\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq “ispan qripi” pandemiyas\u0131 mill\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 i\u015f birliyinin vacibliyini \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.<\/p>\n

BMT-nin s\u0259l\u0259fi say\u0131lan Mill\u0259tl\u0259r Liqas\u0131 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 yaratd\u0131 – bu, diplomatlar\u0131n yox, s\u0259hiyy\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rinin idar\u0259 etdiyi v\u0259 epidemiyalara mill\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259t sisteml\u0259rini formala\u015fd\u0131ran texniki t\u0259\u015fkilatlanmayd\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya S\u0259hiyy\u0259 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 (\u00dcST) kimi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z qurum xeyli sonra – 1948-ci ild\u0259 yarad\u0131lacaqd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ctimai s\u0259hiyy\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pandemiyan\u0131n f\u0259lak\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri ictimai sa\u011flaml\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 – tibbi xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atan edilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck add\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131na da s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n

Sosialit inqilab\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 (1920) Rusiya pulsuz tibb xidm\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n ilk \u00f6lk\u0259 oldu. Dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259cili s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259 bu add\u0131m\u0131 atd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Laura Spinney yaz\u0131r ki, “1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 nazirlikl\u0259ri yarad\u0131ld\u0131, m\u00f6vcud olanlar g\u00fccl\u0259ndirildi. Bu, birba\u015fa pandemiyan\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259siydi, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 tibbi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan m\u0259murlar h\u00f6kum\u0259tin iclaslar\u0131na burax\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar, onlar ehtiyac duyduqlar\u0131 v\u0259saitl\u0259ri v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dig\u0259r m\u0259murlara yalvarmal\u0131 olmu\u015fdular”.<\/p>\n

Londondak\u0131 Royal Halloway Universitetinin antropoloqu Jennifer Cole hesab edir ki, pandemiya-m\u00fcharib\u0259 kombinasiyas\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox yerind\u0259 sosial d\u00f6vl\u0259t toxumlar\u0131n\u0131n c\u00fcc\u0259rm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b:<\/p>\n

“D\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial yard\u0131m funksiyas\u0131 bu kontekstd\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Pandemiyadan sonra milyonlarla insan dul, yetim v\u0259 ya \u0259lil qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu m\u0259nada sanki pandemiyalar c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin analiz edilm\u0259sin\u0259 yol a\u00e7\u0131r. onlardan sonra toplumlar daha \u00e7ox b\u0259rab\u0259rlik t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olurlar”.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xma qada\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 sosial m\u0259saf\u0259nin faydalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

“\u0130ki \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin hekay\u0259si” adl\u0131 m\u0259\u015fhur bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 var.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcharib\u0259ni maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u00e7ap edilmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t istiqrazlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1918-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131nda Amerika \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 paradlar ke\u00e7irilirdi.<\/p>\n

“ispan qripi” yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flayanda AB\u015e-\u0131n Filadelfiya v\u0259 Sent-Luis \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rqli iki \u00fcsul se\u00e7ildi. Filadelfiyada t\u0259dbir planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 qaydada ke\u00e7irildi, Sent-Luisd\u0259 t\u0259xir\u0259 sal\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bir ay sonra Filadelfiyada “ispan qripi”nd\u0259n \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 10 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox, Sent-Luisd\u0259 is\u0259 700 n\u0259f\u0259r olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

Bu, epidemiyalarda sosial m\u0259saf\u0259nin faydal\u0131 strategiya olmas\u0131 fikrini g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259n faktd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar 1918-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunmu\u015f b\u0259zi m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edibl\u0259r. M\u0259lum olub ki, ictimai y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlar\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv ed\u0259n, teatrlar\u0131, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 kils\u0259l\u0259ri daha tez ba\u011flayan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm faizi daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qal\u0131b.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xma qada\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini analiz ed\u0259n bir qrup amerikal\u0131 iqtisad\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259ldiyi n\u0259tic\u0259 is\u0259 bu olub ki, daha ciddi qada\u011falar t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin iqtisadiyyat\u0131 epidemiyadan sonra daha tez canlanma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Unudulmu\u015f pandemiya<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u0259rsl\u0259rin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n “ispan qripi”ni unudulmu\u015f pandemiya hesab etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin k\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rin pandemiya x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 senzura t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bel\u0259 olub.<\/p>\n

\u00d6z zaman\u0131nda \u00f6z miqyas\u0131na adekvat s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 e\u015fidilm\u0259m\u0259sinin v\u0259 haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sidir ki, tarix kitablar\u0131nda v\u0259 toplumun yadda\u015f\u0131nda bu pandemiyan\u0131n izi el\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259rin deyil.<\/p>\n

Tibb tarix\u00e7isi Mark Honigsbaum deyir ki, “100-c\u00fc ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 bel\u0259 “ispan qripi” pandemiyas\u0131 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 xat\u0131rlanmad\u0131. Haqq\u0131nda n\u0259 kitablar yaz\u0131ld\u0131, n\u0259 mahn\u0131lar b\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ndi, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kildi”.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 istisnadan biri m\u0259\u015fhur Norve\u00e7 r\u0259ssam\u0131 Edvard Munch-un virusa yoluxdu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kdiyi “\u0130span qripiyl\u0259 avtoportret” \u0259s\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n

Honigsbaum bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir – “Britannica” ensiklopediyas\u0131 20-ci \u0259srin hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259ngin ill\u0259ri siyah\u0131s\u0131na “ispan qripi”ni daxil etm\u0259yib, bu pandemiya haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat tarix kitablar\u0131na ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1968-ci ild\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131b.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259n dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, Covid-19 100 il \u0259vv\u0259lki “ispan qripi”nin tarixd\u0259ki \u00f6n\u0259mini biz\u0259 yenid\u0259n xat\u0131rlatd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130span qripi” haqq\u0131nda he\u00e7 n\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259misinizs\u0259, 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli pandemiyaya aid m\u0259lumatlarla tan\u0131\u015f olma\u011f\u0131n \u0259sl zaman\u0131d\u0131r. ARANTV.AZ virtualaz.org-a istinad\u0259n bildirir ki, 1918-20-ci ill\u0259r aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015f vermi\u015f pandemiya o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 2 milyarddan az olan d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birin\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20-50 milyon aras\u0131 adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu. \u00d6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259xminl\u0259rin \u0259n ki\u00e7iyi do\u011fru olmu\u015f olsa bel\u0259, “ispan qripi” h\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 davam ed\u0259n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox insan t\u0259lafat\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. D\u00fcnya Covid-19 b\u00f6hran\u0131yla m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin yollar\u0131n\u0131 axtarmaqdayk\u0259n “ispan qripi” pandemiyas\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyada n\u0259l\u0259r oldu\u011funu yada…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":162764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156.jpg",1280,722,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156.jpg",1280,722,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156.jpg",1280,722,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156-1024x578.jpg",640,361,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156.jpg",1280,722,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156.jpg",1280,722,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/849156-1200x620.jpg",1200,620,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Siyas\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u0130span qripi” haqq\u0131nda he\u00e7 n\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259misinizs\u0259, 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli pandemiyaya aid m\u0259lumatlarla tan\u0131\u015f olma\u011f\u0131n \u0259sl zaman\u0131d\u0131r. ARANTV.AZ virtualaz.org-a istinad\u0259n bildirir ki, 1918-20-ci ill\u0259r aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015f vermi\u015f pandemiya o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 2 milyarddan az olan d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birin\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20-50 milyon aras\u0131 adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu. \u00d6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259xminl\u0259rin…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162759"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=162759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162759\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/162764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=162759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=162759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=162759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}