{"id":167799,"date":"2020-05-19T12:22:24","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T09:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=167799"},"modified":"2020-05-19T12:22:24","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T09:22:24","slug":"inc%c9%99s%c9%99n%c9%99t-n%c9%99dir-nec%c9%99-yarandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=167799","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t n\u0259dir? Nec\u0259 yarand\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u00e7ar\u00a0 s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t, ibtidai inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t,\u00a0 ibtidai DTS, ibtidai\u00a0 geyim,\u00a0 ibtidai heyk\u0259ltara\u015fl\u0131q,\u00a0 dini inanc, Altamira ma\u011faras\u0131, Az\u0131x\u00a0 tap\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Qobustan petroqlifl\u0259ri<\/p>\n

\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t – \u00a0insan hissl\u0259rinin t\u0259svir ed\u0259n vasit\u0259dir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin ist\u0259nil\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259 insan\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi y\u00fcks\u0259k bacar\u0131q, m\u0259har\u0259t d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u00a0 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u00a0 bir\u00a0 t\u0259rkib\u00a0 hiss\u0259sidir. Ger\u00e7\u0259kliyin b\u0259dii \u0259ksi kimi g\u00f6rm\u0259 obrazlar\u0131nda (t\u0259sviri inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t, memarl\u0131q), s\u0259s obrazlar\u0131nda (musiqi), s\u00f6zd\u0259 (\u0259d\u0259biyyat), h\u0259m\u00e7inin inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259 sintez il\u0259 (teatr, kino) m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunur. [1]<\/p>\n

\u0130btidai\u00a0 icmada, q\u0259dim\u00a0 d\u00fcnya\u00a0 tarixind\u0259\u00a0 h\u0259m\u00e7inin, m\u00fcasir\u00a0 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 yaranma, inki\u015faf etm\u0259 prosesin\u0259 aid \u00e7oxlu n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k\u00a0 olar: Az\u0131x\u00a0 ma\u011faras\u0131ndan\u00a0 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 ay\u0131\u00a0 k\u0259ll\u0259si\u00a0 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 xaotik\u00a0 c\u0131z\u0131qlar, Qobustan\u00a0 petroqrifleri, \u0130btidai\u00a0 icman\u0131n\u00a0 istenilen\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259\u00a0 aid, dunyan\u0131n\u00a0 istenilen yerind\u0259n\u00a0 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 \u0259m\u0259k\u00a0 al\u0259tl\u0259ri, metal\u0131n\u00a0 k\u0259\u015ffind\u0259n\u00a0 sonra m\u0259i\u015f\u0259td\u0259\u00a0 istifad\u0259\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 ist\u0259r ibtidai\u00a0 d\u00f6vrd\u0259,\u00a0 ist\u0259rs\u0259\u00a0 d\u0259 m\u00fcasir\u00a0 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 haz\u0131rlanan\u00a0 qablar,\u00a0 \u0259sas\u0259n\u00a0 sinifli\u00a0 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u00a0 yarand\u0131qdan\u00a0 sonra istifad\u0259\u00a0 olunma\u011fa\u00a0 ba\u015flayan,\u00a0 bu g\u00fcn\u00a0 d\u0259\u00a0 istifad\u0259\u00a0 olunan\u00a0 b\u0259z\u0259k\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 zin\u0259t\u00a0 \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 v\u0259\u00a0 sair.<\/p>\n

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H\u0259m\u00e7inin, q\u0259dim\u00a0 d\u00fcnya\u00a0 tarixind\u0259\u00a0 Misir\u00a0 ehramlar\u0131, m\u0259\u015fhur\u00a0 Misir divar\u00a0 r\u0259sml\u0259ri, Sfinks\u00a0 heyk\u0259li, q\u0259dim\u00a0 Yunan\u0131standa\u00a0 Parfenon\u00a0 m\u0259b\u0259di,\u00a0 q\u0259dim\u00a0 Romada\u00a0 Panteon\u00a0 m\u0259b\u0259di v\u0259 sair\u00a0 misal\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k\u00a0 olar.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada\u00a0 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 yaranma\u00a0 prosesini\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259\u00a0 \u0259ks\u00a0 etdir\u0259n\u00a0 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n\u00a0 biri\u00a0 b\u0259lk\u0259\u00a0 d\u0259\u00a0 birincisi olan \u00a0Altamira\u00a0 ma\u011faras\u0131n\u0131 qeyd\u00a0 etmek\u00a0 laz\u0131md\u0131. \u0130spaniyan\u0131n\u00a0 Kantabria \u0259yal\u0259tind\u0259ki Santillana Del Mar\u00a0 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n\u00a0 Altamira\u00a0 ma\u011faras\u0131,\u00a0 Paleolit\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki h\u0259yat\u00a0 haqq\u0131nda bir\u00a0 x\u0259zin\u0259dir. Burada\u00a0 ma\u011fara\u00a0 r\u0259sml\u0259ri,\u00a0 o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, bizon\u00a0 v\u0259 maral\u00a0 r\u0259sml\u0259ri\u00a0 h\u0259yat\u0131\u00a0 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u00a0 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 \u00e7\u0259kdikl\u0259ri\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus\u00a0 realizm\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 inc\u0259lik\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir.\u00a0 Ma\u011faradak\u0131\u00a0 f\u0259rdi\u00a0 r\u0259sml\u0259r aras\u0131nda bir\u00a0 \u0259laq\u0259\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 ya\u00a0 kompazisiya\u00a0 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 olmasa\u00a0 da, h\u0259cm, ifad\u0259l\u0259r\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 prespektivl\u0259rin\u00a0 nec\u0259\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259rildiyi\u00a0 bar\u0259d\u0259\u00a0 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b\u00a0 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u00a0 m\u00f6vcuddur\u00a0 ki, bu\u00a0 da\u00a0 onlar\u0131 h\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00a0s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 zirv\u0259sin\u0259\u00a0 \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n

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Amerkal\u0131\u00a0 etnoqraf\u00a0 L.Q.Morqan\u0131n\u00a0 \u201cQ\u0259dim\u00a0 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u201d adl\u0131 t\u0259qdiqat\u0131nda\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u00a0 tarixi\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00a0 \u0259ksini\u00a0 tap\u0131r.\u00a0 O,\u00a0 qeyd\u00a0 edir\u00a0 ki,\u00a0 insan\u00a0 t\u0259kc\u0259\u00a0 t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u00a0 t\u0259rkib\u00a0 hiss\u0259si\u00a0 olmam\u0131\u015f, o\u00a0 h\u0259m\u00a0 d\u0259\u00a0 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u00a0 vasit\u0259sil\u0259\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 formala\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 kamill\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u00a0 niy\u0259\u00a0 yarand\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 b\u0259zi\u00a0 sah\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0 insanlar\u0131n\u00a0 t\u0259bii\u00a0 ehtiyac\u0131\u00a0 z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n, b\u0259zi\u00a0 sah\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0 is\u0259\u00a0 asud\u0259\u00a0 vaxt\u0131\u00a0 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259k\u00a0 z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n\u00a0 yarand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 nec\u0259\u00a0 ba\u015f\u00a0 verdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Q\u0259dim\u00a0 insanlar\u00a0 v\u0259h\u015fi\u00a0 heyvanlardan\u00a0 qorunmaq\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 onlar\u0131\u00a0 ovlamaq\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif\u00a0 \u0259m\u0259k\u00a0 al\u0259tl\u0259ri\u00a0 haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar.\u00a0 Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ibtidai\u00a0 Dekorativ\u00a0 T\u0259sviri\u00a0 S\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 ilkin\u00a0 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0 yaranma\u011fa\u00a0 ba\u015flad\u0131. Soyuqdan\u00a0 qorunmaq\u00a0 z\u0259rur\u0259til\u0259\u00a0 geyim\u00a0 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti\u00a0 yarand\u0131. \u018fsas\u0259n\u00a0 sinifli\u00a0 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u00a0 yarand\u0131qdan\u00a0 sonra \u00a0b\u0259z\u0259k\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 zin\u0259t\u00a0 \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 istifad\u0259\u00a0 olunma\u011fa\u00a0 ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 Dekorativ\u00a0 T\u0259tbiqi\u00a0 S\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 inki\u015faf\u0131\u00a0 idi.<\/p>\n

Neolit\u00a0 inqilab\u0131nda\u00a0 da\u015flar\u0131n\u00a0 de\u015film\u0259si\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 cilalanmas\u0131\u00a0 \u00fcsulu\u00a0 m\u0259nims\u0259nildi.\u00a0 B\u0259lk\u0259\u00a0 d\u0259,\u00a0 bu\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 heyk\u0259ltara\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0 ilk\u00a0 r\u00fc\u015feyiml\u0259ri\u00a0 idi.\u00a0 H\u0259m\u00e7inin,\u00a0 toxuculu\u011fun\u00a0 yaranmas\u0131\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 saxs\u0131\u00a0 qablar\u0131n\u00a0 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0m\u00fcvafiq\u00a0 olaraq,\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 b\u0259dii\u00a0 par\u00e7a\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 b\u0259dii\u00a0 keramikan\u0131n\u00a0 \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 qoyulmas\u0131\u00a0 idi.<\/p>\n

Enolit\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259\u00a0 anaxaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 ke\u00e7irirdi.\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u0259\u00a0 aid\u00a0 qad\u0131n\u00a0 heyk\u0259ll\u0259ri\u00a0 tap\u0131lmasa\u0131\u00a0 bunun\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi\u00a0 idi.\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 is\u0259\u00a0 art\u0131q\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 heykeltara\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0 yaranmas\u0131\u00a0 idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlara\u00a0 v\u0259h\u015fi\u00a0 heyvanlardan,\u00a0 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u00a0 hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qorunmaq \u00a0\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u00a0 yeri\u00a0 laz\u0131m\u00a0 idi.\u00a0 Bel\u0259\u00a0 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u00a0 yerl\u0259ri\u00a0 ma\u011faralar\u00a0 idi. Sonralar\u00a0 \u201c Skilopik \u201d\u00a0 tikilil\u0259r,\u00a0 evl\u0259r\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 bunlar\u0131n\u00a0 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259\u00a0 memarl\u0131q\u00a0 yarand\u0131.\u00a0 Orta\u00a0 Tunc\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259\u00a0 memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0 bir\u00a0 qolu\u00a0 olan\u00a0 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma\u00a0 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti\u00a0 yaranma\u011fa\u00a0 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin,\u00a0 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 yaran\u0131b\u00a0 formala\u015fmas\u0131nda dini\u00a0 inanc\u0131n\u00a0 b\u00f6y\u00fck\u00a0 rolu\u00a0 vard\u0131.\u00a0 M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n,\u00a0 Az\u0131x\u00a0 ma\u011faras\u0131ndan\u00a0 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 ay\u0131\u00a0 k\u0259ll\u0259si\u00a0 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259\u00a0 xaotik\u00a0 c\u0131z\u0131qlar\u00a0 bacar\u0131ql\u0131\u00a0 insan\u0131n\u00a0 dini\u00a0 inanc\u0131\u00a0 il\u0259\u00a0 \u0259laq\u0259dar\u00a0 idi.\u00a0 Bundan\u00a0 ba\u015fqa q\u0259dim\u00a0 Mannada\u00a0 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 q\u0259dim\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00a0 b\u0259dii\u00a0 metal\u00a0 n\u00fcmun\u0259si\u00a0 olan\u00a0 \u201c Q\u0131z\u0131l\u00a0 cam \u201d\u00a0 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259\u00a0 t\u0259svir\u00a0 olunmu\u015f\u00a0 \u201c \u00dc\u00e7 Allah \u201d\u00a0 t\u0259sviri\u00a0 Mannada\u00a0 \u00e7ox\u00a0 allahl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi\u00a0 idi.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259\u00a0 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r\u0259\u00a0 Mezolit\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259\u00a0 aid\u00a0 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u00a0 m\u0259sk\u0259ni\u00a0 olan\u00a0 Qobustanda da rast\u00a0 g\u0259lm\u0259k\u00a0 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n,\u00a0 burada\u00a0 b\u0259zi\u00a0 heyvan\u00a0 t\u0259svirl\u0259ri\u00a0 vard\u0131r\u00a0 ki,\u00a0 t\u0259krar-t\u0259krar\u00a0 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259\u00a0 \u00e7\u0259kilib.\u00a0 \u0130lk\u00a0 bax\u0131\u015fdan\u00a0 insana\u00a0 el\u0259\u00a0 g\u0259lir\u00a0 ki,\u00a0 ba\u015fqa\u00a0 yer\u00a0 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 insan\u00a0 bel\u0259\u00a0 bir\u00a0 \u015f\u0259kil\u00a0 \u00e7\u0259kib.\u00a0 \u018fslind\u0259\u00a0 kifay\u0259t\u00a0 q\u0259d\u0259r\u00a0 yer\u00a0 var.\u00a0 Sad\u0259c\u0259\u00a0 ibtidai\u00a0 insan\u0131n\u00a0 dini\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u0259\u00a0 ova\u00a0 ged\u0259rk\u0259n\u00a0 ovlayaca\u011f\u0131\u00a0 heyvan\u0131n\u00a0 r\u0259smini\u00a0 bel\u0259\u00a0 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259rdis\u0259\u00a0 onu\u00a0 ovsunlam\u0131\u015f\u00a0 olurdu\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 asanl\u0131qla\u00a0 ovluyurdu.<\/p>\n

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259\u00a0 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin\u00a0 \u0259sas\u00a0 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri\u00a0 r\u0259ngkarl\u0131q, qrafika, heyk\u0259ltara\u015fl\u0131q\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 memarl\u0131qd\u0131r. [2]<\/p>\n

N\u0259yin\u00a0 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u00a0 adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00a0\u00a0bu\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 ya\u00a0 dig\u0259r\u00a0 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u00a0 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259\u00a0 malik\u00a0 oldu\u011fu\u00a0 estetik\u00a0 norma\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259\u00a0 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259n\u00a0 as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. [3]<\/p>\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat:<\/strong><\/p>\n