Pul sad\u0259c\u0259 r\u0259ngli bir ka\u011f\u0131z par\u00e7as\u0131 deyil. Pul vasit\u0259si il\u0259 insanlar, xalqlar, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259ti pul olmadan t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar iqtisadi prossesl\u0259rin ayr\u0131lmaz bir hiss\u0259sidir. Lakin pullar haqq\u0131nda bilm\u0259diyiniz maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar \u00e7oxdur. Onlar\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk pul nec\u0259 yaran\u0131b?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130lk pul maldarl\u0131q il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan pekuniya tayfas\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 hesab edilir ki, lat\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cpekuniya\u201d-pul, \u201cpekus\u201d-mal-qara s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. \u0130lk istifad\u0259 olunan pullar misd\u0259n idi. Daha sonralar is\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131ldan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki dig\u0259r metallardan f\u0259qli olaraq g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l karroziyaya u\u011fray\u0131b xarab olmurdu.<\/p>\n \u0130lk ka\u011f\u0131z pullar\u0131 \u00c7ind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n Ka\u011f\u0131z pullar \u00c7ind\u0259 Sun s\u00fclal\u0259sinin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. 812-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan ka\u011f\u0131z pullar t\u0259dav\u00fcld\u0259 olan q\u0131z\u0131l sikk\u0259nin \u0259v\u0259zedicisi kimi meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin d\u00f6vriyy\u0259y\u0259 burax\u0131lan bu pullar uzaq m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 mal da\u015f\u0131yan tacirl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini \u00e7ox asanla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n 100 min dollarl\u0131q banknotu AB\u015e-da burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 be\u015f s\u0131f\u0131rdan ibar\u0259t \u0259skinas AB\u015e-da m\u0259hdud sayda burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Sad\u0259 amerikal\u0131lar bu add\u0131m\u0131 he\u00e7 c\u00fcr anlamam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Bu banknotlar yaln\u0131z bank t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda apar\u0131lan hesabla\u015fmalarda v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu. 100 min dollarl\u0131q pulun bir t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 Versal m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n v\u0259 Mill\u0259tl\u0259r Liqas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 kodeksini t\u0259stiql\u0259y\u0259n AB\u015e-n\u0131n 28-ci prezidenti olan Vudro Vilsonun sur\u2019ti t\u0259svir olunmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r q\u0259pik pulu<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r q\u0259pik pul XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259d\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu d\u00fczbucaq b\u00fcr\u00fcnc q\u0259piyin \u00e7\u0259kisi 19 kq 710 qram idi.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0131z\u0131l k\u00fcl\u00e7\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0131z\u0131l k\u00fcl\u00e7\u0259si Yaponiyada haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. Bu k\u00fcl\u00e7\u0259nin \u00e7\u0259kisi 250 kq-idi, d\u0259y\u0259ri is\u0259 3.7 milyon dollara g\u0259lib \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130saak Nyutonun sikk\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 faydal\u0131 t\u0259klifi<\/strong><\/p>\n Bir zamanlar f\u0131r\u0131ldaq\u00e7\u0131lar sikk\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131raqlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259s\u0259r\u0259k, sonra o q\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u0259ridib istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Lakin \u0130saak Nyutonun ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc bir t\u0259klifind\u0259 sonra, sikk\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131raqlar\u0131na x\u0259tt-x\u0259tt \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar qoyulma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Sikk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qoyulan bu \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar f\u0131r\u0131ldaq\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259rini \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirdi. \u0130ll\u0259r ke\u00e7s\u0259 bel\u0259 q\u0259pikl\u0259rin istehsal\u0131nda \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l olunur v\u0259 pullar\u0131n k\u0259narlar\u0131 yen\u0259 d\u0259 x\u0259tt-x\u0259tt olur.<\/p>\n \u0130lk bankomat<\/strong><\/p>\n 1939-c\u00fc ild\u0259 AB\u015e-da ilk bankomat ixtira olunmu\u015fdu. O zamanlar kredit kartlar\u0131 icad olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bankomat x\u00fcsusi maliyy\u0259 q\u0259bzl\u0259ri q\u0259bul edirdi. Divar qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1.5 santimetr olan bu qur\u011fu bir q\u0259bzin \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 az miqdarda pul verirdi. Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada art\u0131q 2 milyondan \u00e7ox m\u00fcasir standartlara cavab ver\u0259n bankomatlar qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. M\u00fcasir reall\u0131qda pulu kartdan \u00e7\u0259km\u0259yin v\u0259 hans\u0131sa bir hesaba k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrtm\u0259yin \u0259n asan yolu budur. Bankomatlar indi h\u0259r yerd\u0259dir, lakin 1939-cu ild\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259d\u0259d idi. Pul \u00e7\u0131xartmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlar saatlarla n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259li olurdular.<\/p>\n Dollar i\u015far\u0259sinin icad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Dollar i\u015far\u0259si 1788-ci ild\u0259 Oliver Pollok t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n icad edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n \u201cGinnes Rekordlar Kitab\u0131\u201dna daxil olan q\u0131z\u0131l sikk\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n 2007-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kisi 100 kq olan q\u0131z\u0131 sikk\u0259 Kanada kral\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 z\u0259rb edilmi\u015fdir. Bu g\u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 \u201cBig Maple Leaf\u201d(B\u00f6y\u00fck a\u011fcaqay\u0131n yarpa\u011f\u0131) ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fdir . Sikk\u0259nin \u00f6n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 II Elizabetin \u015f\u0259kili h\u0259kk olunmu\u015fdur, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 is\u0259 Kanadan\u0131n simvolu say\u0131lan a\u011fcaqay\u0131n yarpa\u011f\u0131 var idi. D\u0259y\u0259ri 4.5 milyon dollar olan bu s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259ri \u201cGinnesin Rekordlar Kitab\u0131\u201dna daxil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n \u0130lk kredit kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130lk kredit kart\u0131 \u201cAmerican Exspress\u201d\u015firk\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1951-ci ild\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk bank\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada ilk bank\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 \u0130taliyada qoyulmu\u015fdur. Onun ad\u0131 \u201cBanca Monte dei Pasch di Siena\u201d idi. Bu bank d\u00fcnyada \u0259n q\u0259dim bank kimi \u201c Ginnes Rekordlar Kitab\u0131\u201dna daxil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n AB\u015e-da ilk ka\u011f\u0131z pullar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n AB\u015e-da ilk ka\u011f\u0131z pullar yaln\u0131z 1861-ci ild\u0259 haz\u0131rlanma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b. Buna s\u0259b\u0259b is\u0259 d\u00f6vriyy\u0259d\u0259 olan sikk\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin o zamanlar ba\u015f ver\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin maliyy\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si idi. Bu pullar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00e7ox gizli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ke\u00e7irilirdi v\u0259 bu \u0259skinaslar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin x\u0259zinadarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arda\u011f\u0131nda 6 i\u015f\u00e7i t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u018fn qeyri-adi pul<\/strong><\/p>\n \u018fn qeyri-adi pul d\u0259ri materiallar\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. XIX \u0259srd\u0259 Alyaskada rus \u015firk\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n burax\u0131lan bu pul d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n qeyri-adi pulu kimi \u201cGinnes Rekordlar Kitab\u0131\u201dna daxil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n Samir\u0259 Ta\u011f\u0131yeva,<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c\u0130ki sahil\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pul sad\u0259c\u0259 r\u0259ngli bir ka\u011f\u0131z par\u00e7as\u0131 deyil. Pul vasit\u0259si il\u0259 insanlar, xalqlar, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259ti pul olmadan t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar iqtisadi prossesl\u0259rin ayr\u0131lmaz bir hiss\u0259sidir. Lakin pullar haqq\u0131nda bilm\u0259diyiniz maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar \u00e7oxdur. Onlar\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik. \u0130lk pul nec\u0259 yaran\u0131b? \u0130lk pul maldarl\u0131q il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan pekuniya tayfas\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 hesab edilir ki, lat\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cpekuniya\u201d-pul, \u201cpekus\u201d-mal-qara s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. \u0130lk istifad\u0259 olunan pullar misd\u0259n idi. Daha sonralar is\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131ldan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki dig\u0259r metallardan f\u0259qli…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":173705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50-300x166.jpg",300,166,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",640,354,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/428e24bc3e5e928a4e901a0cb53c2540_64673_50.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Pul sad\u0259c\u0259 r\u0259ngli bir ka\u011f\u0131z par\u00e7as\u0131 deyil. Pul vasit\u0259si il\u0259 insanlar, xalqlar, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259ti pul olmadan t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar iqtisadi prossesl\u0259rin ayr\u0131lmaz bir hiss\u0259sidir. Lakin pullar haqq\u0131nda bilm\u0259diyiniz maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar \u00e7oxdur. Onlar\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik. \u0130lk pul nec\u0259 yaran\u0131b? \u0130lk pul maldarl\u0131q il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=173704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/173705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=173704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=173704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=173704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}