1900-cu ild\u0259 avstraliyal\u0131 h\u0259kim Karl Lend\u015ftayner t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edil\u0259n qan quplar\u0131 1930-cu ild\u0259 ona Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 qazand\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n
ARANTV.AZ\u00a0 x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, o g\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri elm adamlar\u0131 qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n biologiyas\u0131na dair daha d\u0259rin bilgil\u0259r\u0259 sahib olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha g\u00fccl\u00fc metodlar k\u0259\u015ff edib. Apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qan qruplar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda daha q\u0259rib\u0259 m\u0259lumatlara, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, irsi ke\u00e7id, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki t\u0259sirl\u0259ri kimi m\u0259lumatlar \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Lakin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qan qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 ki, insanlara m\u0259lum olmayan b\u0259zi sirli m\u0259qamlar m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcasir tibb say\u0259sind\u0259 insanlar\u0131n k\u0259\u015ff ed\u0259 bildiyi v\u0259 h\u0259yat qurtaran bir \u00e7ox bilgi tarixin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismind\u0259 insanlara x\u0259yal kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcb. \u0130ntibah d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259kiml\u0259ri x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin damar\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 qan yeridil\u0259nd\u0259 n\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, h\u0259tta bir \u00e7ox x\u0259st\u0259liyin bu yolla sa\u011fala bil\u0259c\u0259yini ehtimal etmi\u015fl\u0259r. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1600-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u0259kim bu fikri s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irmi\u015f, ancaq t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, s\u0131naq qorxunc n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fransal\u0131 h\u0259kim bir buzovun qan\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bioloji v\u0259 fizioloji simptomlar\u0131 olan d\u0259liy\u0259 vurub, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 inyeksiyadan sonra x\u0259st\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u0259nfi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259si n\u00f6vb\u0259ti 150 il boyunca insanlar aras\u0131nda pis ad \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b.<\/p>\n
19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u0259kim proseduru t\u0259krar t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. Do\u011fum \u0259snas\u0131nda b\u0259zi qad\u0131nlar\u0131n qan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra 1817-ci ild\u0259 ingilt\u0259r\u0259li Ceyms Blundell \u201ctale\u201d kimi g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n bu durumu r\u0259dd edib v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si il\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n xilas edilm\u0259sinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcb.<\/p>\n
Blundell ilk olaraq x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yaln\u0131z insan qan\u0131 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 q\u0259rar verib. Ancaq o g\u00fcn\u0259 kimi he\u00e7 kim bel\u0259 bir k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259ni s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irm\u0259yib. T\u0259slim olmayan Blundell sa\u011flam donordan x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n al\u0259tl\u0259r d\u00fcz\u0259ldib. Haz\u0131rlanan \u201ccihaz\u201d itl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irilib v\u0259 daha sonra h\u0259kim \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl x\u0259st\u0259 olan bir insan\u0131 m\u00fcalic\u0259 etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lib. X\u0259st\u0259nin ya\u015famas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259k \u015fans qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si olub. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 donor Blundell\u0259 400 ml qan h\u0259diyy\u0259 edib. Qoldan ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra x\u0259st\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha yax\u015f\u0131 hiss etdiyini bildirib, lakin iki g\u00fcn sonra d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib.<\/p>\n
S\u0131na\u011f\u0131 u\u011fursuz al\u0131nsa da, Blundell t\u0259slim olmay\u0131b v\u0259 qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259sinin insanl\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck faydalar\u0131 ola bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc inand\u0131r\u0131b. O, n\u00f6vb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259rqli x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259si prosedurunu t\u0259tbiq edib. Toplamda 10 u\u011furlu qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra yaln\u0131z 4 x\u0259st\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa davam edib.<\/p>\n
Bundan sonra b\u0259zi h\u0259kiml\u0259r d\u0259 eyni metoddan istifad\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259, onlarda da eyni u\u011fursuz n\u0259tic\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b. 1870-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 s\u00fcdd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b, ancaq bu u\u011fursuz v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li metod da daxil olmaqla b\u00fct\u00fcn metodlar faci\u0259 do\u011furub.<\/p>\n
Blundell insanlara qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00f6vzusunda haql\u0131 idi. Ancaq o, qan bar\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir \u00f6n\u0259mli ger\u00e7\u0259yin f\u0259rqind\u0259 deyildi: insanlar ancaq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n insanlardan qan ala bil\u0259r. Blundellin g\u00f6zd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u0259sit ger\u00e7\u0259klik onun b\u0259zi x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rini \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 d\u00fc\u00e7ar edib.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259ri daha tragik ed\u0259n is\u0259 b\u0259sit bir prosedurun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 on il ke\u00e7dikd\u0259n sonra k\u0259\u015ff edil\u0259n qan qruplar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n qank\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259rin niy\u0259 u\u011fursuz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ilk ipuclar\u0131 qan qruplar\u0131na i\u015far\u0259 edirdi. 1800-c\u00fc ill\u0259rin sonunda elm adamlar\u0131 f\u0259rqli insanlardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n qanlar\u0131 test balonlar\u0131nda qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rark\u0259n q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin bir-birin\u0259 yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqin\u0259 var\u0131b. Ancaq al\u0131nan qanlar, ad\u0259t\u0259n, x\u0259st\u0259 insanlardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elm adamlar\u0131 bu durumu ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa l\u00fczum g\u00f6rm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n
He\u00e7 kims\u0259 sa\u011flam insanlar\u0131n qan\u0131n\u0131n bir-birin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini ara\u015fd\u0131rmay\u0131b. Ta ki, Karl Lend\u015fteyner\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r. Lend\u015fteyner sa\u011flam insanlardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n qanlar\u0131n qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu qrupla\u015fmalar\u0131n oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edib. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, laboratoriyadak\u0131 h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259n qan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb v\u0259 daha d\u0259rind\u0259n inc\u0259l\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. H\u0259r \u00f6rn\u0259k q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259si v\u0259 plazmaya ayr\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra qan\u0131n plazma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fqa bir insan\u0131n qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilib.<\/p>\n
Doktor birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin ancaq v\u0259 ancaq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n insanlar\u0131n qan \u00f6rn\u0259yinin qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 meydana g\u0259ldiyini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edib. B\u00fct\u00fcn kombinasiyalarda apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259r 3 qrupa ayr\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 Lend\u015fteyner bu qruplara t\u0259sad\u00fcfi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 A (II), B (III), C (I) adlar\u0131n\u0131 verib. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 C ad\u0131 0 il\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilib v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il sonra da dig\u0259r ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar AB (IV) qrupunu k\u0259\u015ff edib.<\/p>\n
20-ci \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda amerikal\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 Filip Livayn \u201cRh\u201d qan faktoruna sahib olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 qan kateqoriyas\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259yin ba\u015fqa yolunu k\u0259\u015ff edib. Lend\u015fteynerin verdiyi h\u0259rf adlar\u0131n\u0131n sonundak\u0131 \u201c+\u201d v\u0259 \u201c-\u201d i\u015far\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 insan\u0131n Rh faktoruna sahib olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Lend\u015fteyner f\u0259rqli insanlardan al\u0131nan qanlar\u0131 bir araya g\u0259tirdiyind\u0259 b\u0259lli qaydalar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da k\u0259\u015ff edib.<\/p>\n
O, A qrupuna aid qandak\u0131 plazma A qrupundak\u0131 ba\u015fqa bir insan\u0131n q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda plazma v\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rin maye hal\u0131n\u0131 qorudu\u011funu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edib. Eyni qayda B qrupuna aid plazma v\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilib. Ancaq A qrupundak\u0131 plazma il\u0259 B qrupundak\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259r f\u0259rqli davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6st\u0259rib. 0 qrupu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcns\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t daha f\u0259rqli olub. Lend\u015fteyner A, ya da B qrupu h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rini 0 qrupu plazmas\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259r komaya girmi\u015f kimi davran\u0131rk\u0259n, 0 qrupu qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 A v\u0259 ya B plazmas\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 edildiyind\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir koma v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n
Qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259sini potensial olaraq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li ed\u0259n d\u0259 bu komala\u015fmad\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r bir h\u0259kim A qan qrupuna sahib bir insana B qrupu qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrs\u0259, bu durum qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n insan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259nind\u0259 laxtalanmaya s\u0259b\u0259b olar. Bu laxtalanma insanda qan\u0131n d\u00f6vriyy\u0259sini saxlada bil\u0259r, qanamaya yol a\u00e7ar, n\u0259f\u0259salmada \u00e7\u0259tinlik yaradar v\u0259 insan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hala g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarar. Ancaq eyni qrup v\u0259 ya 0 qan qrupu qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259si ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259rs\u0259, bu riskl\u0259r ortadan qalxar.<\/p>\n
Lend\u015fteyner bir qan qrupunu dig\u0259rind\u0259n tam olaraq n\u0259yin ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmirdi. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 elm adamlar\u0131 h\u0259r qan qrupunda olan q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin s\u0259thl\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rqli molekullar k\u0259\u015ff etdi.<\/p>\n
M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, I qrup qanda h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259r bu molekullar\u0131 eyn\u0259n bir evin iki m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259si kimi iki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 istehsal edir. \u0130lk m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259 \u201cH antingenti\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259nin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259r ikinci m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259ni, y\u0259ni A antingentini yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n II qrup qana sahib insanlarda is\u0259 bu qurulu\u015f t\u0259km\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li m\u00fcst\u0259qil bir ev kimidir. 0 qan qrupuna sahib insanlar yaln\u0131z H antingentini istehsal edirl\u0259r. \u00dcz\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259 art\u0131rm\u0131rlar. H\u0259r f\u0259rdin immun sistemi \u00f6z qan qrupuna tan\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r bir insana yanl\u0131\u015f qan qrupuna sahib qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259si edil\u0259rs\u0259, insan\u0131n immun sistemi, xaricd\u0259n al\u0131nan qan\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n olaraq g\u00f6r\u00fcr v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tli bir \u0259ks h\u00fccumla \u00f6z reaksiyas\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n
Bu qaydan\u0131n ke\u00e7\u0259rli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 qan qrupu tipi is\u0259 0 qan qrupudur. Bu qrup sad\u0259c\u0259 dig\u0259r qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olan H antingentini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. A ya da B qan qrupuna sahib bir insana 0 qan qrupundan qan veril\u0259rs\u0259, immun sistemi bu duruma b\u00f6y\u00fck reaksiya verm\u0259z. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 0 qan qrupu d\u00fcny\u0259vi olaraq \u00fcmumi qan ver\u0259n qrup kimi t\u0259qdim edilir v\u0259 qan m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rli qan qrupudur.<\/p>\n
Lend\u015fteynerin bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yol a\u00e7\u0131b, h\u0259tta bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 onun metodundan istifad\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k qan qruplar\u0131 t\u0259yin edilir.<\/p>\n
Ancaq Lend\u015fteyner q\u0259dim bir suala cavab ver\u0259k\u0259n yeni suallar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub.<\/p>\n
Bu qan qruplar\u0131 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn var?<\/p>\n
Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri niy\u0259 \u00f6z \u201cmolekul evl\u0259r\u201dini in\u015fa etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur?<\/p>\n
V\u0259 insanlar niy\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u201cmolekul evl\u0259r\u201d\u0259 sahibdirl\u0259r?<\/p>\n
Bu suallara qat\u0131 elmi cavablar verm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. V\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 elmi olmayan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 axmaq a\u00e7\u0131qlamalar da populyarl\u0131q qazan\u0131b.<\/p>\n
1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Piter D\u2019Adamo adl\u0131 bir naturopat \u201cEat Right 4 Your Type\u201d adl\u0131 kitab yay\u0131mlay\u0131b. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu kitabda t\u0259kam\u00fcl miras\u0131m\u0131zla bir uy\u011funluq \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qan qrupumuza g\u00f6r\u0259 qida q\u0259bul etm\u0259yimizin laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu bildirib.<\/p>\n
I (0) qan qrupunun Afrikadak\u0131 ov\u00e7u-y\u0131\u011f\u0131c\u0131 atalar\u0131m\u0131zda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ed\u0259n D\u2019Adamo II (A) qan qrupunun \u0259kin\u00e7iliyin yaranmas\u0131, III (B) qan qrupunun is\u0259 Himalay da\u011flar\u0131nda on-on be\u015f min il \u00f6nc\u0259 yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 IV (AB) qan qrupunun A v\u0259 B qan qrupunun birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcb.<\/p>\n
Bu ehtimallardan yola \u00e7\u0131xaraq D\u2019Adamo qan qruplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n n\u0259l\u0259ri yem\u0259yimizi t\u0259yin etdiyini iddia edib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 0 qan qrupuna aid bir insan \u0259tl\u0259 b\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259lidir. D\u2019Adamonun bu qidalanma kitab\u0131 he\u00e7 bir elmi \u0259sas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, 7 milyon n\u00fcsx\u0259d\u0259 sat\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 60 dild\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilib.<\/p>\n
1900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Lend\u015fteynerin insan qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff etm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra dig\u0259r elm adamlar\u0131 heyvanlar\u0131n da bel\u0259 bir x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini ehtimal edib. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda b\u0259zi primat n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin b\u0259lli insan qan qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q qana sahib oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Ancaq bir meymunun qan\u0131 il\u0259 A qan qrupuna sahib insan\u0131n qan\u0131n\u0131n komala\u015fmamas\u0131 meymun v\u0259 insan\u0131n ortaq \u0259cdaddan bu qan qrupunu g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259si anlam\u0131na g\u0259lmir. A qan qrupu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl prosesi ke\u00e7mi\u015f ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Sirr yava\u015f-yava\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 elm adamlar\u0131n\u0131n qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n molekulyar biologiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 qan qrupu \u201cevinin\u201d ikinci qat\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etm\u0259kd\u0259n m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan AB0 adl\u0131 t\u0259k bir gen oldu\u011fu biligisini \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. Genin A versiyas\u0131 B versiyas\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 qapal\u0131 mutasiya il\u0259 f\u0259rqlil\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. 0 qan qrupuna sahib insanlarda is\u0259 AB0 geni A v\u0259 B antingentl\u0259rinin istehsal\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n enziml\u0259rin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259y\u0259n mutasiyalara u\u011fray\u0131b.<\/p>\n
Elm adamlar\u0131 art\u0131q insanlardak\u0131 AB0 genini dig\u0259r n\u00f6vl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015flaya bil\u0259rdi. Laira Sequrel v\u0259 Parisd\u0259ki Milli Elmi Ara\u015fd\u0131rma M\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259ki h\u0259mkarlar\u0131 primatlardak\u0131 AB0 genl\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131 aparma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 aliml\u0259r qan qruplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 q\u0259dim oldu\u011fu bilgisini \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. Meymunlar\u0131n v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n h\u0259m A, h\u0259m d\u0259 B qan qrupu tipl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 sahib oldu\u011fu b\u0259lli oldu v\u0259 bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin 20 milyon il \u00f6nc\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ortaq bir atadan g\u0259lmi\u015f ola bilm\u0259si ehtimal edildi.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fayan \u0259n yax\u0131n \u0259qr\u0259balar\u0131m\u0131z olan \u015fimpanzel\u0259r yaln\u0131z A v\u0259 0 qan qrupu tipl\u0259rin\u0259 sahibdir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qorillalar yaln\u0131z B qan qrupuna sahibdir. B\u0259zi durumlarda mutasiyalar AB0 genini d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k A qrupunu B qrupuna \u00e7evirib. H\u0259tta insanlarda qan qrupu \u201cevind\u0259\u201d AB0 proteininin evin ikinci m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259sinin in\u015fa etm\u0259sini \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259y\u0259n mutasiyalar ke\u00e7ridiyi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilib. Bu mutasiyalar A ya da B qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131 0 qrupuna \u00e7evirib.<\/p>\n
Bombey Fenotipi<\/p>\n
Qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n faydalar\u0131na dair c\u0259hal\u0259timizin \u0259n diqq\u0259t\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u00f6rn\u0259yi 1952-ci ild\u0259 Bombeyd\u0259 g\u00fcn \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. H\u0259kiml\u0259r az sayda x\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 AB0 qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 birin\u0259 sahib olmad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff edib. A v\u0259 B qan qrupunun tipl\u0259ri ikim\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li bir ev kimi, 0 qan qrupu t\u0259km\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li m\u00fcst\u0259qil ev kimidirs\u0259, Bombeyd\u0259ki bu x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin yaln\u0131z bo\u015f bir \u201csah\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d var. \u201cBombey fenotipi\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu durum dig\u0259r b\u0259zi insanlarda da rast g\u0259lindi, ancaq olduqca az sayda idi. Bu hadis\u0259nin bilin\u0259n t\u0259k tibbi riski qan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259si laz\u0131m olduqda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Bombey fenotipin\u0259 sahib insanlar yaln\u0131z \u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 eyni qan\u0131 da\u015f\u0131ya bil\u0259n insanlardan qan ala bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. \u00dcmumi donor kimi bilin\u0259n 0 qan qrupu bel\u0259 bu insanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259 Bombey fenotipi AB0 qan qrupuna sahib olman\u0131n vacib bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Ancaq b\u0259zi qan qruplar\u0131 bizi f\u0259rqli x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n qoruya bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
20-ci \u0259srd\u0259 elm adamlar\u0131 insanlar\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 qan qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rqli x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r aras\u0131nda bir \u0259laq\u0259 oldu\u011funun f\u0259rqin\u0259 varma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 siyah\u0131 ged\u0259r\u0259k b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fc. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n A qan qrupunun x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngin b\u0259zi n\u00f6vl\u0259ri (qan x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngi, qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngi) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha y\u00fcks\u0259k risk qrupu oldu\u011funu ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancaq qan qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r aras\u0131nda sirli bir \u0259laq\u0259nin b\u00f6y\u00fck qismi sirrini qoruma\u011fa davam edir.<\/p>\n
B\u0259zi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif i\u015far\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik olsaq da, k\u0259\u015ffinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n 100 il ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n niy\u0259 var oldu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda d\u0259qiq bir m\u0259lumata sahib deyilik.Publika.az<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1900-cu ild\u0259 avstraliyal\u0131 h\u0259kim Karl Lend\u015ftayner t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edil\u0259n qan quplar\u0131 1930-cu ild\u0259 ona Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 qazand\u0131r\u0131b. ARANTV.AZ\u00a0 x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, o g\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri elm adamlar\u0131 qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n biologiyas\u0131na dair daha d\u0259rin bilgil\u0259r\u0259 sahib olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha g\u00fccl\u00fc metodlar k\u0259\u015ff edib. Apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qan qruplar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda daha q\u0259rib\u0259 m\u0259lumatlara, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, irsi ke\u00e7id, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki t\u0259sirl\u0259ri kimi m\u0259lumatlar \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Lakin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qan qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 ki, insanlara m\u0259lum olmayan b\u0259zi sirli m\u0259qamlar m\u00f6vcuddur. M\u00fcasir tibb say\u0259sind\u0259 insanlar\u0131n k\u0259\u015ff ed\u0259 bildiyi v\u0259 h\u0259yat qurtaran bir \u00e7ox bilgi tarixin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":199705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari-300x204.jpg",300,204,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/qan_qruplari.jpg",640,435,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Maraql\u0131<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"1900-cu ild\u0259 avstraliyal\u0131 h\u0259kim Karl Lend\u015ftayner t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edil\u0259n qan quplar\u0131 1930-cu ild\u0259 ona Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 qazand\u0131r\u0131b. ARANTV.AZ\u00a0 x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, o g\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri elm adamlar\u0131 qan qruplar\u0131n\u0131n biologiyas\u0131na dair daha d\u0259rin bilgil\u0259r\u0259 sahib olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha g\u00fccl\u00fc metodlar k\u0259\u015ff edib. Apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qan qruplar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda daha q\u0259rib\u0259 m\u0259lumatlara, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, irsi ke\u00e7id, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=199704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/199705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=199704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=199704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=199704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}