{"id":285102,"date":"2021-02-03T08:47:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T05:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=285102"},"modified":"2021-02-03T08:47:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T05:47:14","slug":"qeyri-s%c9%99lis-m%c9%99ntiq-v%c9%99-onun-yaradicisi-haqqinda-s%c9%99lis-sohb%c9%99t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=285102","title":{"rendered":"Qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 onun yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 haqq\u0131nda s\u0259lis s\u00f6hb\u0259t"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Bir g\u00fcn s\u0259h\u0259r oyand\u0131m v\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm ki, elm laz\u0131m olan t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 getmir”.
\nBart Koskonun “Qeyri-s\u0259lis t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr” (“Fuzzy Thinking”) kitab\u0131ndan<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dahi L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259nin 100 illiyidir.\u00a0 2001-ci ild\u0259,\u00a0 Antalyan\u0131n \u015eeraton otelind\u0259\u00a0 80 illik yubileyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq konfransda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm onunla. Haqq\u0131nda t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rim\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u0259lim\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum, d\u00fcnya elminin m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015f bu sanball\u0131 alimi yax\u0131ndan g\u00f6rm\u0259k, onu dinl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7oxdank\u0131 arzum idi.\u00a0 Yol uzunu ona nec\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m, hans\u0131 suallar\u0131 ver\u0259c\u0259yim bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ox h\u0259y\u0259canl\u0131 idim.\u00a0 Bak\u0131dan g\u0259l\u0259n hey\u0259t konfrans zal\u0131na daxil olanda o, art\u0131q orada idi. Mehribancas\u0131na biz\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131, bir-bir ham\u0131m\u0131zla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, Bak\u0131dak\u0131 yenilikl\u0259rl\u0259 maraqland\u0131. Bir anda b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259y\u0259can\u0131m yox oldu.\u00a0 Qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 sad\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259mimi,\u00a0 xarizmatik, g\u00fcl\u0259r\u00fcz v\u0259 i\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 bir insan dayanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n konfrans\u0131n fasil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onunla yen\u0259 d\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259td\u0259 olmaq imkan\u0131m oldu. Elmi i\u015fl\u0259riml\u0259 maraqland\u0131 v\u0259 laz\u0131m g\u0259l\u0259rs\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259yini \u0259sirg\u0259m\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini bildirdi. O, h\u0259r birimiz\u0259 diqq\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r, dinl\u0259yir v\u0259 yeri g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini verirdi. Zad\u0259nin y\u00fcks\u0259k intellekti, f\u0259ls\u0259fi v\u0259 geni\u015f d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, inc\u0259 yumor hissi ham\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 heyran etmi\u015fdi. Konfransdan sonra, ziyaf\u0259td\u0259 Bak\u0131dan olan n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri onu \u00e7oxluqlar n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259jdahalar\u0131 olan Kantor v\u0259 Kolmoqorovla m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etdi v\u0259 dedi ki, onlar\u0131n a\u011fl\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259n ideya L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259nin a\u011fl\u0131na g\u0259lib. Zad\u0259 onun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlama\u011fa imkan verm\u0259di v\u0259 t\u0259vaz\u00f6karcas\u0131na “Ya ne matematik”- dedi v\u0259\u00a0 ideyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259slind\u0259 \u00e7ox sad\u0259 oldu\u011funu \u0259lav\u0259 etdi. T\u0259rifi sevm\u0259diyi a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar sezilirdi. Sad\u0259liyi v\u0259 t\u0259vaz\u00f6karl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131rd\u0131 ki, ist\u0259r-ist\u0259m\u0259z x\u0259yal\u0131mda b\u0259zi paralell\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kirdim v\u0259 tez-tez\u00a0 Lev Tolstoyun m\u0259\u015fhur k\u0259lam\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rlay\u0131rdim: “\u0130nsan k\u0259sr\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir- m\u0259xr\u0259cind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc, sur\u0259tind\u0259 is\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

M\u0259xr\u0259c b\u00f6y\u00fck olduqca k\u0259sr ki\u00e7ilir”.\u00a0 Bu m\u0259nada \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck insan idi L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259. Ziyaf\u0259tin sonunda biz\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131b \u00f6z fotoaparat\u0131 il\u0259 \u015f\u0259klimizi \u00e7\u0259km\u0259si (fotoaparat h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 onun yan\u0131nda olurdu) v\u0259 “ist\u0259yir\u0259m sizin \u015f\u0259kill\u0259riniz\u00a0 m\u0259nd\u0259 yadigar qals\u0131n”- dem\u0259si onu g\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u0259 bir az da ucaltd\u0131.\u00a0 H\u0259min g\u00fcnl\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131n \u0259n parlaq xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n oldu, bu b\u00f6y\u00fck insan \u00fcr\u0259yimd\u0259 v\u0259 hafiz\u0259md\u0259 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck iz qoydu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nY\u0259qin ki, bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 onun h\u0259yat\u0131na v\u0259 elm\u0259 verdiyi alt\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f xeyli yaz\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131xacaq qar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za. M\u0259n bunlardan\u00a0 biri v\u0259 \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131, elmd\u0259 bir inqilab say\u0131lan – qeyri-s\u0259lis \u00e7oxluqlar v\u0259 qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiq n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259sas ideyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m. M\u0259qs\u0259dim \u00e7ox sad\u0259 dild\u0259, riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131 olmayan birin\u0259 bunun n\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oldu\u011funu anlatmaq, tez-tez e\u015fitdiyim “Ax\u0131 Zad\u0259 n\u0259 edib?” sual\u0131na qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa cavab verm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Bilirik ki, riyaziyyat\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259t xarakteristikas\u0131 verm\u0259kdir, y\u0259ni h\u0259yatda ba\u015f ver\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn prosesl\u0259ri r\u0259q\u0259msalla\u015fd\u0131rmaqd\u0131r. Bunsuz riyazi modell\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.\u00a0 Vaxt\u0131l\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri ovu bel\u0259 sayma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn b\u00f6lm\u0259yi bacarmayan insanlar indi n\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fcrl\u0259r?<\/p>\n

Say\u0131la bil\u0259n v\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n, vaxtil\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n \u00e7ox \u015fey\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc verib, zaman\u0131, temperaturu, t\u0259zyiqi, q\u00fcvv\u0259ni, c\u0259r\u0259yan \u015fidd\u0259tini, m\u0259saf\u0259ni, sah\u0259ni, \u00e7\u0259kini, s\u00fcr\u0259ti, s\u0259sl\u0259rin tezliyini, daha n\u0259l\u0259ri, n\u0259l\u0259ri hesablama\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nib insan.\u00a0 Bu g\u00fcn m\u00fcasir insan h\u0259tta kainat\u0131n biz\u0259 m\u0259lum hiss\u0259sind\u0259ki atomlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0 planetl\u0259rin v\u0259 qara d\u0259likl\u0259rin \u00e7\u0259kisini, yerin \u0259n d\u0259rin qatlar\u0131nda neftin, qaz\u0131n miqdar\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0 neytronlar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tini, DNT\u00a0 molekulunun qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin soyuma s\u00fcr\u0259tini, beyind\u0259ki neyronlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259 bilir. B\u0259s n\u0259yi \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259 bilmirik?-\u00a0 \u0130nsan\u0131 xarakteriz\u0259 ed\u0259n he\u00e7 bir keyfiyy\u0259ti.<\/p>\n

A\u011fl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, vicdan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, istedad\u0131m\u0131z\u0131,\u00a0 sevincimizi, d\u0259rdimizi, sevgimizi, nifr\u0259timizi, azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, tamah\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hesablaya bilirikmi? Hans\u0131sa bir musiqiy\u0259 qulaq as\u0131b v\u0259 ya film\u0259 bax\u0131b emosiyalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u0259 deyil, \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259 idaf\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirikmi?\u00a0 Ax\u0131 insan z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sini modell\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k, intellektual sisteml\u0259r yaratmaq ist\u0259yiriks\u0259, sadalad\u0131qlar\u0131ma da m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n k\u0259miyy\u0259t verm\u0259miz laz\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0 L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259 bu kimi keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 linqvistik d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi, onlara \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc verm\u0259yin modell\u0259rini t\u0259klif etdi v\u0259 humanistik sisteml\u0259r\u0259 (insan\u0131n i\u015ftirak etdiyi)\u00a0 t\u0259tbiq oluna bil\u0259c\u0259k yeni bir riyaziyyat k\u0259\u015ff etdi.<\/p>\n

Deyirl\u0259r, bir d\u0259f\u0259 Zad\u0259nin dostlar\u0131 il\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259ti \u0259snas\u0131nda\u00a0 “kimin xan\u0131m\u0131 daha cazib\u0259dard\u0131r?” m\u00fcbahis\u0259si d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Cazib\u0259darl\u0131q anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u0259r\u0259nin \u00f6z meyarlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259n dostlar m\u00fcbahis\u0259ni yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qoyurlar.\u00a0 L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259 sonralar “cazib\u0259darl\u0131\u011f\u0131” \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259k, y\u0259ni r\u0259q\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr v\u0259 yeni -qeyri -s\u0259lis riyaziyyat\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259li m\u0259hz bel\u0259 qoyulur.<\/p>\n

1965-ci ild\u0259, o zaman Kaliforniya \u015ftat\u0131n\u0131n Berkli universitetind\u0259 (o, bura kibernetikan\u0131n atas\u0131 say\u0131lan Norbert Vinerin t\u0259klifiyl\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi)\u00a0\u00a0 Elekrtik m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi v\u0259 komp\u00fcter elml\u0259ri kafedras\u0131na r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n\u00a0 44 ya\u015fl\u0131 L. Zad\u0259nin “\u0130nformation and Control” jurnal\u0131nda\u00a0 “Fuzzy sets” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. D\u0259y\u0259rli alimimiz, L. Zad\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin Az\u0259rbaycanda t\u0259bli\u011finin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bkar\u0131 olan Rafiq \u018fliyev\u00a0 bu termini dilimiz\u0259 “qeyri-s\u0259lis \u00e7oxluqlar” kimi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdi. M\u0259qal\u0259nin ad\u0131 riyaziyyat\u0131 d\u0259qiq elm kimi q\u0259bul ed\u0259n aliml\u0259rd\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259, “t\u0259miz” riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131larda n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259nin ciddiliyin\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 oyatd\u0131 v\u0259 onlar bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyatla yana\u015f\u0131b uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t q\u0259bul etm\u0259dil\u0259r. Onu elm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kokain adland\u0131ranlar, ehtimal n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q salanlar da oldu. Amma ill\u0259r ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259nin dahiyan\u0259 bir k\u0259\u015ff, yeni bir elmi istiqam\u0259t, insan\u0131n intellektual f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin modell\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 ciddi bir add\u0131m oldu\u011fu q\u0259bul edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7oxluqlar n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si riyaziyyat\u0131n b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259sidir, \u0259sas s\u00fctunudur. Dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn riyazi anlay\u0131\u015flar v\u0259 teoreml\u0259r \u00e7oxluqlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yil\u0259 verilir. M\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259ndiyimiz d\u0259qiq \u00e7oxluqlard\u0131r – \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, sinifd\u0259ki o\u011flanlar, otaqdak\u0131 kitablar, m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259ki sinif otaqlar\u0131, h\u0259y\u0259tdaki a\u011faclar v\u0259 s.\u00a0 Qeyri -s\u0259lis\u00a0 v\u0259 ya fazzi \u00e7oxluq is\u0259 el\u0259 \u00e7oxluqdur ki, onun h\u0259r bir elementi bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 il\u0259 daxildir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, iqtisadiyyat\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, istedadl\u0131 u\u015faqlar \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, sevimli b\u0259st\u0259karlar \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, g\u0259nc insanlar \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc q\u0131zlar \u00e7oxlu\u011fu v\u0259 s.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adi, d\u0259qiq \u00e7oxluq v\u0259 ixtiyari element \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki hal m\u00f6vc\u00fcdd\u00fcr: element bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa ya daxildir, ya da daxil deyil. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, NATO t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 30 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir v\u0259 ona bir \u00e7oxluq kimi baxa bil\u0259rik. Hans\u0131sa bir \u00f6lk\u0259 bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa ya daxildir (m\u0259s., T\u00fcrkiy\u0259), ya da daxil deyil (m\u0259s., Rusiya). Bu, bizim m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259n bildiyimiz ikili (binar) v\u0259 ya m\u00fctl\u0259q m\u0259ntiqdir. Buna Aristotel m\u0259ntiqi d\u0259 deyirl\u0259r- insan insan\u0131n ya dostudur, ya da d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni (v\u0259 ya insan ya d\u00fcz dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ya da yalan).<\/p>\n

1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn riyazi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n bu m\u0259ntiql\u0259 h\u0259ll olunur,\u00a0 proqramlar bu m\u0259ntiql\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r, hesablama ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 bu m\u0259ntiql\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. H\u0259yatda is\u0259 h\u0259r \u015fey \u00e7ox f\u0259rqlidir, r\u0259ngar\u0259ngdir v\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda suallara birqiym\u0259tli cavab verm\u0259k olmur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n,\u00a0 f\u0259rz ed\u0259k ki, Whatsappda\u00a0 “Dostlar\u0131m” qrupu yaratmaq ist\u0259yirsiz.<\/p>\n

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\u0130lk a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131za g\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcds\u00fcz yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n sonra b\u0259zi yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz bu siyah\u0131ya,\u00a0 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259ri is\u0259 dost kimi yax\u0131n bilm\u0259yib \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, qrupa daxil etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Dem\u0259li, dostlar\u0131n\u0131z, \u0259slind\u0259, siz\u0259 az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 dostdur, ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, dostlar\u0131n\u0131z bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 daxildir.\u00a0 Bu, onun n\u0259tic\u0259sidir ki,\u00a0 insan t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259kc\u0259 “h\u0259”-“yox” cavablar\u0131 \u00e7ox azd\u0131r, onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 aral\u0131q m\u00f6vqel\u0259r var v\u0259 bu m\u00f6vqel\u0259ri d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alan m\u0259hz Zad\u0259 m\u0259ntiqidir. 2000 ild\u0259n art\u0131q bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259\u00a0 elm adamlar\u0131 bu aral\u0131q m\u00f6vqel\u0259ri d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 ala bil\u0259c\u0259k bir riyaziyyat qurmaq ist\u0259mi\u015f, ancaq buna nail ola bilm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi f\u0259rz ed\u0259k ki, “Demokratik \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r” \u00e7oxlu\u011fu qurmaq ist\u0259yirik.\u00a0 Bu, daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 maraql\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u0259vv\u0259la, burada universum, y\u0259ni elementl\u0259rini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdiyimiz \u00e7oxluq daha geni\u015f -b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyad\u0131r. Dig\u0259r bir \u00e7\u0259tinlik is\u0259 onunla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ki, demokratiyan\u0131n, demokratik \u00f6lk\u0259nin d\u0259qiq t\u0259rifi yoxdur v\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin h\u0259lli b\u00f6y\u00fck ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar, statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri d\u0259qiq olmayan bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir \u00f6lk\u0259 az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 daxil ola bil\u0259r v\u0259 ya he\u00e7 olmaya bil\u0259r.\u00a0 Bu d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 elementin \u00e7oxlu\u011fa m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si adlan\u0131r v\u0259 0-1 aras\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259r al\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2018-ci ilin reytinq c\u0259dv\u0259lin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n (bu c\u0259dv\u0259l sor\u011fu \u0259sas\u0131nda haz\u0131rlan\u0131r)\u00a0 ilk yerl\u0259rd\u0259 duran Norve\u00e7, \u0130slandiya, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini 1-\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131n, h\u0259tta 1 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rik, siyah\u0131dak\u0131 dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin- demokratiyas\u0131 q\u00fcsurlu v\u0259 ya natamam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si getdikc\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259\u00a0 son yerl\u0259ri tutan avtoritar \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si s\u0131fra yax\u0131n v\u0259 ya s\u0131f\u0131r olacaq. Qeyd edim ki, m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si\u00a0 h\u0259r sah\u0259nin ekspertl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin olunur. Elementl\u0259r v\u0259 onlara uy\u011fun m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Ancaq s\u0131f\u0131rdan bir\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qiym\u0259tl\u0259r ala bil\u0259n bu funksiya Zad\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin bir m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259sidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259nin riyazi aparat\u0131 m\u0259hz bu funksiyan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yil\u0259 qurulub.<\/p>\n

Bilirik ki, m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda \u0130Q s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 bilik m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n testl\u0259rl\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. Burda h\u0259r testin do\u011fru cavab\u0131na 1, s\u0259hv cavab\u0131na is\u0259 0 verilir, y\u0259ni cavablar binar m\u0259ntiql\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. Halbuki, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 humanitar f\u0259nl\u0259rin test cavablar\u0131nda b\u0259z\u0259n do\u011fru cavaba \u00e7ox yax\u0131n v\u0259 ya qism\u0259n yax\u0131n cavablar olur v\u0259 bu cavablara tamamil\u0259 s\u0259hv cavabla eyni-\u00a0 0 bal verilm\u0259si biliyi d\u0259qiq qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmir v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli deyil. Do\u011fru cavaba bir \u00e7oxluq kimi baxsaq, h\u0259min cavablar da bu \u00e7oxlu\u011fa m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si il\u0259 daxildir v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq balla qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, test sistemind\u0259 Zad\u0259nin qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiqin\u0259 ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si biliyin daha adekvat qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olard\u0131.<\/p>\n

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\n\u018fslind\u0259, riyazi modell\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n x\u0259talarla qurulur v\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri tam t\u0259svir etmir. Bu onunla izah olunur ki, h\u0259ll olunan h\u0259r bir real m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin veril\u0259nl\u0259ri t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259yin olunur v\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259qiq olmaya bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, fizikadan g\u0259l\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir t\u0259nliyin \u0259msal\u0131ndak\u0131 5 r\u0259q\u0259mi, \u0259slind\u0259, m\u00fctl\u0259q 5 olmay\u0131b 5-in m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u0259traf\u0131d\u0131r, y\u0259ni qeyri-s\u0259lis 5-dir. Zad\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si is\u0259 bel\u0259 modell\u0259ri real d\u00fcnyam\u0131za yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa xidm\u0259t edir. Qeyri-s\u0259lis adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rimiz\u0259 bir nizam, riyazi modell\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259qiqlik g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131l\u0131b.\u00a0 80-ci ill\u0259rin ax\u0131r\u0131nda amerikal\u0131 alim, qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiqin canl\u0131 klassiki adland\u0131r\u0131lan Bart Koskonun “Fuzzy Thinking” kitab\u0131 v\u0259 onun t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n FAT (Fuzzy Approximation Teorem) teoreminin isbat\u0131 qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiqin daha da populyarla\u015fmas\u0131na, h\u0259tta dey\u0259rdim ki, triumfuna s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu teorem\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ist\u0259nil\u0259n riyazi sistem qeyri- s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiql\u0259 qurulmu\u015f sisteml\u0259 approksimasiya oluna bil\u0259r. Dem\u0259li, riyaziyyat\u0131n d\u0259qiqliyi il\u0259 real d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n qeyri- d\u0259qiqliyi aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqi ist\u0259nil\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r ki\u00e7ik ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik, d\u0259qiq riyazi modell\u0259r v\u0259 qeyri-s\u0259lis modell\u0259r aras\u0131nda ziddiyy\u0259t yoxdur. Zad\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 b\u0259zil\u0259rinin dediyi kimi, Aristotel m\u0259ntiqini inkar etmir, daha kamil, h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli bir m\u0259ntiq modeli t\u0259klif edir.\u00a0 Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259nin ilk t\u0259yinat\u0131n\u0131n humanistik sisteml\u0259r olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, haz\u0131rda texniki sisteml\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox u\u011furla t\u0259tbiq olunur.\u00a0\u00a0 Bu g\u00fcn\u00a0 Yaponiya v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Koreyada \u0259traf m\u00fchitin temperaturuna g\u00f6r\u0259 rejimini t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n kondisionerl\u0259r, yem\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun proqram se\u00e7\u0259n mikrodal\u011fal\u0131 sobalar, “d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n” paltaryuyan ma\u015f\u0131nlar, fotoaparatlar, videokameralar, tozsoranlar istehsal olunur.<\/p>\n

NASA qeyri -s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiq\u0259 \u0259saslanan yeni kosmik proqramlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir, Danimarkada sement sobalar\u0131 istehsal edilir, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ekspert sisteml\u0259ri haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Ma\u015finisti olmayan qatarlar v\u0259\u00a0 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcz avtomobill\u0259r “q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edir”, \u00f6zl\u0259ri idar\u0259 olunur. Havadan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 sisteml\u0259ri qurulur. 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 L. Zad\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda yapon aliml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq s\u00fcni intellekt\u0259 malik robot haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. Qeyri-s\u0259lis m\u0259ntiqin t\u0259tbiq sah\u0259l\u0259ri getdikc\u0259 art\u0131r – iqtisadiyyat, menecment, tibbi diaqnostika, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, h\u00fcquq, linqvistika, kimya, fizika….v\u0259 bilm\u0259diyim daha ba\u015fqa sah\u0259l\u0259r.<\/p>\n

1998-ci ild\u0259 rejissor Oqtay Babazad\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 M\u00f6hb\u0259ddin S\u0259m\u0259din ssenarisi \u0259sas\u0131nda\u00a0 “Uzaq v\u0259 yax\u0131n Zad\u0259” s\u0259n\u0259dli filmini \u00e7\u0259kib. D\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 maraqla baxd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu film Zad\u0259, onun\u00a0 h\u0259yat\u0131, k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat verir v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, ad\u0131 da \u00e7ox u\u011furlu se\u00e7ilib. L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, biz\u0259 yax\u0131n idi, Bak\u0131da do\u011fulmu\u015f, h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n ilk 10 ilini burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycanla, Bak\u0131 il\u0259 daim maraqlan\u0131r, k\u00f6m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259n h\u0259myerlil\u0259rini cavabs\u0131z buraxm\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 M\u0259hz Bak\u0131da v\u0259 islam qaydalar\u0131na uy\u011fun d\u0259fn olunmaq arzusu onun ruh\u0259n V\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. B\u0259s n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “uzaq”? Onu bizd\u0259n uzaq salan n\u0259 idi? T\u0259kc\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259mi? Elmi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rimi?<\/p>\n

Filmi seyr etdikc\u0259 onun ba\u015fqa bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n insan\u0131 oldu\u011funu hiss edirs\u0259n.<\/p>\n

O d\u00fcnyan\u0131nk\u0131 orada elmi ideyalar\u0131 realla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0 ideal elmi m\u00fchit var, yeni elmi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r istehsalatda \u00f6z t\u0259tbiqini tapa bilir, n\u0259h\u0259ng elmi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r v\u0259 texnoloji \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6z innovasiyalar\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0 modern texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirl\u0259r, insanlar qar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r qoyub onlara \u00e7ata bilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

O d\u00fcnya yalandan, pafosdan, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yaratmaq ist\u0259yind\u0259n uzaq, saxta olmayan \u0259sl elm d\u00fcnyas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Bir g\u00fcn Zad\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, Zad\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na s\u00f6z\u00fcn h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nas\u0131nda yax\u0131n olmaq arzusu il\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Bir g\u00fcn s\u0259h\u0259r oyand\u0131m v\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm ki, elm laz\u0131m olan t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 getmir”. Bart Koskonun “Qeyri-s\u0259lis t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr” (“Fuzzy Thinking”) kitab\u0131ndan Dahi L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259nin 100 illiyidir.\u00a0 2001-ci ild\u0259,\u00a0 Antalyan\u0131n \u015eeraton otelind\u0259\u00a0 80 illik yubileyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq konfransda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm onunla. Haqq\u0131nda t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rim\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u0259lim\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum, d\u00fcnya elminin m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015f bu sanball\u0131 alimi yax\u0131ndan g\u00f6rm\u0259k, onu dinl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7oxdank\u0131 arzum idi.\u00a0 Yol uzunu ona nec\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m, hans\u0131 suallar\u0131 ver\u0259c\u0259yim bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm. \u00c7ox h\u0259y\u0259canl\u0131 idim.\u00a0 Bak\u0131dan g\u0259l\u0259n hey\u0259t konfrans zal\u0131na daxil olanda o, art\u0131q orada idi. Mehribancas\u0131na biz\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":285103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",640,426,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lutfi_zade_2475.jpg",750,499,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Sosial<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"“Bir g\u00fcn s\u0259h\u0259r oyand\u0131m v\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm ki, elm laz\u0131m olan t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 getmir”. Bart Koskonun “Qeyri-s\u0259lis t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr” (“Fuzzy Thinking”) kitab\u0131ndan Dahi L\u00fctfi Zad\u0259nin 100 illiyidir.\u00a0 2001-ci ild\u0259,\u00a0 Antalyan\u0131n \u015eeraton otelind\u0259\u00a0 80 illik yubileyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq konfransda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm onunla. Haqq\u0131nda t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rim\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u0259lim\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum, d\u00fcnya elminin m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015f bu sanball\u0131…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=285102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/285103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=285102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=285102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=285102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}