{"id":368101,"date":"2021-08-18T19:26:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T16:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=368101"},"modified":"2021-08-18T19:26:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T16:26:44","slug":"qargidali-bitkisin%c9%99-ziyan-vuran-%c9%99sas-x%c9%99st%c9%99likl%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=368101","title":{"rendered":"Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisin\u0259 ziyan vuran \u0259sas x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0130nstitutunun Elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 riskl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si departamentinin Bitki sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Camal Quliyev, S\u0259id\u0259 Zeynalova, T\u0259rlan Qor\u00e7iyeva &#8220;Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisin\u0259 ziyan vuran \u0259sas x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r&#8221; adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131blar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>ARANTV.AZ <\/b>h\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259ni t\u0259qdim edir:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;<\/strong>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 (<em>Zea mays<\/em>\u00a0L.) tax\u0131llar (<em>Graminea<\/em>) f\u0259sil\u0259sin\u0259 aid olan birillik d\u0259nli bitkidir. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisi \u0259sas\u0259n Meksikada m\u0259\u015fhur olsa da, onun v\u0259t\u0259ni M\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Amerika hesab edilir. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r ondan b\u0259z\u0259k bitkisi kimi istifad\u0259 edils\u0259 d\u0259, \u00e7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n qiym\u0259tli \u0259rzaq v\u0259 yem bitkisi olaraq geni\u015f bec\u0259rilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n<p>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 istiliksev\u0259n bitki kimi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bec\u0259rilir. D\u00fcnyada d\u0259nli bitkil\u0259r aras\u0131nda bu\u011fdadan sonra \u0259n \u00e7ox yeti\u015fdiril\u0259n ikinci bitki hesab olunur. Bu bitki \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li istifad\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011fa malik olmaqla, m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u0259n v\u0259 yem bitkisidir. D\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131n\u0131n 20 %-i \u0259rzaql\u0131q, 15-20 %-i texniki m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 60-65 %-i is\u0259 yem kimi istifad\u0259 edilir. Apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, 2025-ci il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011fa malik d\u0259nli bitkil\u0259rd\u0259n olacaqd\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin 2050-ci il\u0259d\u0259k inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131ya t\u0259l\u0259bat ikiqat artacaqd\u0131r. Lakin y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisinin \u0259kini v\u0259 bec\u0259rilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 bir s\u0131ra diqq\u0259t edilm\u0259li m\u0259qamlar var. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn aqrotexniki qulluq t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli orqanizml\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi m\u00fcbariz\u0259 metodlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiq olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 hektardan 80-90 sentner\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6lk\u0259miz qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisinin bec\u0259rilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli torpaq-iqlim \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 malikdir. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f-enerji balans\u0131 bir ild\u0259 eyni sah\u0259d\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259 m\u0259hsul al\u0131nmas\u0131na imkan verir. Bu bax\u0131mdan qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 t\u0259krar \u0259kin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm bitki say\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259ti t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sa\u011flam \u0259kin material\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259si, bitkiy\u0259 laz\u0131mi aqrotexniki qulluq g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si z\u0259ruri amill\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 aqrotexniki t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin d\u00fczg\u00fcn v\u0259 vaxt\u0131nda apar\u0131lmas\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259lik, z\u0259r\u0259rverici v\u0259 alaqlara qar\u015f\u0131 bitkini effektiv m\u00fchafiz\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 imkan yarad\u0131r. Bir s\u0131ra bakterial v\u0259 g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r vard\u0131r ki, qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisinin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259dir, ciddi m\u0259hsul itkisin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 yarpa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n l\u0259k\u0259liliyi (<em>Cochliobolus carbonum<\/em>\u00a0R.R. Nelson, 1959)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Cochliobolus carbonum<\/em>\u00a0g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yinin morfoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif olan \u00fc\u00e7 ras\u0131 m\u0259lumdur. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k t\u00fcnd, qal\u0131n mitseliy\u0259 malik olub, konidil\u0259ri d\u00fcz v\u0259 ya \u0259yri, \u015fi\u015fkin, 16-80 x 14-16 mkm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi simptomlar raslara g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rqlidir. Yarpaqlarda bitkinin genotipind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq a\u00e7\u0131q-ya\u015f\u0131ldan bozumtul-q\u0259hv\u0259yi v\u0259 ya t\u00fcnd-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ng\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r dair\u0259vi, oval, b\u0259z\u0259n x\u0259tli, 2-25 sm-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r diametrli l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r formala\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em>I ras\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/em>: Yarpaqlarda ilkin olaraq a\u00e7\u0131q-ya\u015f\u0131l, sonradan saman\u0131-sar\u0131 r\u0259ngli, dair\u0259vi v\u0259 ya oval, 1.2 x 2.5 sm diametrli l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n<p><em>II ras\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/em>: Yarpaqlarda 0.5 x 2.5 sm diametrli, t\u00fcnd-q\u0259hv\u0259yi dair\u0259vi l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. L\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 3 x 20 sm-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259 bilir.<\/p>\n<p><em>III ras\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/em>: Yarpaqlarda 0.5-2 sm enind\u0259, 15-20 sm uzunlu\u011funda nazik x\u0259tli simptomlar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. Bitkinin genotipind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq x\u0259tl\u0259rin r\u0259ngi bozumtul-q\u0259hv\u0259yid\u0259n, t\u00fcnd-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ng\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f bitki qal\u0131qlar\u0131nda, toxumlarda mitseli v\u0259 xlamidospor formas\u0131nda q\u0131\u015flay\u0131r. Konidil\u0259r k\u00fcl\u0259k v\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ilkin siray\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259ni t\u00f6r\u0259dir. \u0130kinci v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 siray\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259nin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fclayim v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259tli hava \u015f\u0259raiti laz\u0131md\u0131r. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 26<sup>0\u00a0<\/sup>C temperatur optimald\u0131r. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin konidil\u0259ri k\u00fcl\u0259k vasit\u0259sil\u0259 uzaq m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131la bilir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k toxumlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bec\u0259ril\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 vegetasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 fitosanitar monitorinql\u0259r apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259liyin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259kin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunan qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 toxumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin mitseli v\u0259 sporunun olmas\u0131 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131 sortlar bec\u0259rilm\u0259li v\u0259 sertifikatl\u0131 toxumlardan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davams\u0131z sortlar\u0131n \u0259kilm\u0259si y\u00fcks\u0259k iqtisadi z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131da c\u0259nub helmintosporiozu (<em>Cochliobolus heterostrophus\u00a0<\/em>Drechsler, 1934<em>)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Cochliobolus heterostrophus g<\/em>\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yinin 3 ras\u0131 (T, C, O) m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunub. T v\u0259 C ras\u0131 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha spesifikdir.\u00a0<em>O ras\u0131\u00a0<\/em>il\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n bitkinin yarpaqlar\u0131 yoluxur. Damarlar boyunca nazik, uzunsov, q\u0259hv\u0259yi v\u0259 ya pasab\u0259nz\u0259r-q\u0259hv\u0259yi, bozumtul-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ngli, t\u00fcnd ha\u015fiy\u0259li ki\u00e7ik l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir. L\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 2-6 x 3-22 mm uzunluqda olur.\u00a0<em>T ras\u0131\u00a0<\/em>karantin obyekti kimi qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b.\u00a0<em>T ras\u0131<\/em>\u00a0il\u0259 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisinin yarpaqlar\u0131, yarpaq q\u0131n\u0131, q\u0131\u00e7a v\u0259 d\u0259nl\u0259ri yoluxur. Yoluxmu\u015f d\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rini g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin boz-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ngli mitselisi \u00f6rt\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 d\u0259nl\u0259r qaral\u0131r, b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcr. T ras\u0131 il\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f c\u00fcc\u0259rtil\u0259r 3-4 h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra m\u0259hv olur.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 simptomlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 22-30<sup>0\u00a0<\/sup>C temperatur v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctub\u0259tin olmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0<em>Cochliobolus heterostrophus\u00a0<\/em>g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yi il\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f bitki qal\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 toxumlar x\u0259st\u0259liyin ba\u015flanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k bitki qal\u0131qlar\u0131nda 2 il h\u0259yatilik qabiliyy\u0259tini saxlaya bilir. Vegetasiya m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin konidil\u0259ri k\u00fcl\u0259k v\u0259 su damc\u0131lar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 uzaq m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r ki, bu da qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 \u0259kinl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 itkiy\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n<p>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 toxumlar\u0131 idxal olunan zaman toxum n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri karantin yoxlamalara uy\u011fun olaraq test edilm\u0259lidir. Alaq otlar\u0131 v\u0259 bitki qal\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259hv edilm\u0259li, n\u00f6vb\u0259li \u0259kin sistemi t\u0259tbiq olunmal\u0131, x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 sortlar\u0131 \u0259kilm\u0259lidir. Toxumlar dezinfeksiya edilm\u0259li, uy\u011fun fungisidl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131da diplodioz (<em>Stenocarpella maydis<\/em>\u00a0(Berkeley) Sutton)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Stenocarpella maydis<\/em>\u00a0g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yinin piknidil\u0259ri \u015farab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259 ya dair\u0259vi formal\u0131, r\u0259ngi t\u00fcnd-q\u0259hv\u0259yid\u0259n qaraya q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259n olub, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri 150-300 mkm-dir. Konidil\u0259ri is\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ngli, d\u00fcz v\u0259 ya \u0259yilmi\u015f formal\u0131, uclar\u0131 oval v\u0259 ya k\u0259sik, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri is\u0259 5-8 x 15-34 mkm-dir.<\/p>\n<p>X\u0259st\u0259lik n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6vd\u0259nin \u00f6z\u0259k hiss\u0259si da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r, lifli borular is\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259 hal\u0131nda qal\u0131r. Yoluxmu\u015f g\u00f6vd\u0259l\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259k zaman\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259yir. Q\u0131\u00e7a oxunda d\u0259nl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin a\u011f r\u0259ngli mitselisi inki\u015faf edir v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n q\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rini \u00f6rt\u00fcr. Mitseli \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin piknidl\u0259ri formala\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k \u0259sas\u0259n soyuq v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259tli \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 inki\u015faf edir. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin konidil\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k temperatur v\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0259yat qabiliyy\u0259tini itirir. X\u0259st\u0259lik bitkini ist\u0259nil\u0259n inki\u015faf fazas\u0131nda yoluxdura bilir. Bitkil\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n s\u00fcd yeti\u015fm\u0259 fazas\u0131nda x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 daha h\u0259ssas olur. D\u0259nl\u0259rin yoluxmas\u0131 saxlanma zaman\u0131 da davam edir. AB\u015e-da g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin 24 \u015ftamm\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib ki, bu da g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin daha aqressivliyi, temperatura t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 v\u0259 co\u011frafi m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi il\u0259 izah olunur.<\/p>\n<p>X\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f toxumlar s\u0259pin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarars\u0131z hesab olunur. Z\u0259if yoluxmu\u015f qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 q\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 saxlanma zaman\u0131 kifl\u0259nir. G\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259yin ifraz etdiyi toksin yeml\u0259m\u0259 zaman\u0131 heyvanlarda mikotoksikoza s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131n\u0131n bakterial solmas\u0131 (<em>Pantoea stewartii subsp. Stewartii<\/em>\u00a0(Smith, 1898) Mergaert et al. (1993)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>P.stewartii subsp\u00a0<\/em>h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsiz, spor \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259n, qramm\u0259nfi \u00e7\u00f6pl\u0259rdir. Patogenin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimal temperatur 27-30<sup>0\u00a0<\/sup>C-dir. X\u0259st\u0259lik \u0259sas\u0259n yazda toxum v\u0259 vektor h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin simptomlar\u0131 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc iki formada g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Birinci halda cavan bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 yoluxma daha s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Bu zaman simptomlar\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri susuzluq, quraql\u0131q, qida madd\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bakteriya bitkinin damar sistemind\u0259 koloniyalar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir v\u0259 oradan bitkiy\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259 bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0131\u00e7alar vaxt\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l yeti\u015fir, bitki boyu is\u0259 q\u0131sa qal\u0131r. G\u00f6vd\u0259 enin\u0259 k\u0259sildiyind\u0259 sar\u0131mt\u0131l bakterial ax\u0131nt\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. \u0130kinci halda is\u0259 yarpaqlarda yan\u0131ql\u0131q \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 simptomlar izl\u0259nilir. Bu simptomlar ad\u0259t\u0259n q\u0131\u00e7alar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra yarpaqlar\u0131n s\u0259thind\u0259 uzununa paralel zolaqlar \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Zolaqlar qeyri-m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olub, sol\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131l\u0131mt\u0131l-sar\u0131 r\u0259ng al\u0131r v\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 q\u0259hv\u0259yil\u0259\u015fir. \u018fg\u0259r yoluxma hal\u0131 artarsa, b\u00fct\u00fcn yarpaqlarda quruma m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n<p>X\u0259st\u0259lik toxumun ixrac edilm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olur. H\u0259m\u00e7inin fitosanitar yoxlamalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259r yaratmaqla toxum ticar\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyind\u0259n 50-d\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sertifikat t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 vektor b\u00f6c\u0259kl\u0259rin olmas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, vektor h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlar\u0131n say\u0131nda azalma dekabr, yanvar v\u0259 fevral aylar\u0131 soyuq ke\u00e7diyi halda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bu h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlara qar\u015f\u0131 uy\u011fun insektisidl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si \u015f\u0259rtdir. Toxumlar is\u0259 s\u0259pin \u00f6nc\u0259si d\u0259rmanlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0130nstitutunun Elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 riskl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si departamentinin Bitki sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Camal Quliyev, S\u0259id\u0259 Zeynalova, T\u0259rlan Qor\u00e7iyeva &#8220;Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisin\u0259 ziyan vuran \u0259sas x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r&#8221; adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131blar. ARANTV.AZ h\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259ni t\u0259qdim edir: &#8220;Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 (Zea mays\u00a0L.) tax\u0131llar (Graminea) f\u0259sil\u0259sin\u0259 aid olan birillik d\u0259nli bitkidir. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisi \u0259sas\u0259n Meksikada m\u0259\u015fhur olsa da, onun v\u0259t\u0259ni M\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Amerika hesab edilir. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r ondan b\u0259z\u0259k bitkisi kimi istifad\u0259 edils\u0259 d\u0259, \u00e7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n qiym\u0259tli \u0259rzaq v\u0259 yem bitkisi olaraq geni\u015f bec\u0259rilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 istiliksev\u0259n bitki kimi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bec\u0259rilir. D\u00fcnyada d\u0259nli bitkil\u0259r aras\u0131nda bu\u011fdadan&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":368102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q-649x365.jpg",649,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",640,360,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/q.jpg",800,450,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?cat=26\" rel=\"category\">Sosial<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0130nstitutunun Elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 riskl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si departamentinin Bitki sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Camal Quliyev, S\u0259id\u0259 Zeynalova, T\u0259rlan Qor\u00e7iyeva &#8220;Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisin\u0259 ziyan vuran \u0259sas x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r&#8221; adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131blar. ARANTV.AZ h\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259ni t\u0259qdim edir: &#8220;Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 (Zea mays\u00a0L.) tax\u0131llar (Graminea) f\u0259sil\u0259sin\u0259 aid olan birillik d\u0259nli bitkidir. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 bitkisi \u0259sas\u0259n Meksikada m\u0259\u015fhur olsa da, onun v\u0259t\u0259ni M\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 C\u0259nubi&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=368101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368101\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/368102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=368101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=368101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=368101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}