K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn torpa\u011fa birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 azot v\u0259 fosfor, ikinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 kalium g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rinin verilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r. Torpa\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcnbitliyini y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259n aqrotexniki t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kdir. Bitkil\u0259rin normal inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara \u00e7oxlu miqdarda kimy\u0259vi elementl\u0259r laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu elementl\u0259rin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131na az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox miqdarda torpaqda rast g\u0259linir. \u018fg\u0259r torpaqda kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259sas qida madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n azot, fosfor v\u0259 kaliumun asan m\u0259nims\u0259nil\u0259n formalar\u0131 olmazsa k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rinin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r. Torpaqda NPK -\u0131n asan m\u0259nims\u0259nil\u0259n formalar\u0131 az olduqda g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin iqtisadi effektliyi d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 intensiv tipli t\u00fct\u00fcn sortlar\u0131na d\u00fczg\u00fcn normada v\u0259 laz\u0131mi nisb\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259n mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r fermer t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259lav\u0259 g\u0259lir g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259ri iki \u0259sas qrupa: \u00fczvi v\u0259 mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcrl\u0259r. Bitkil\u0259rin yax\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcb inki\u015faf etm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn mineral v\u0259 \u00fczvi g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti vard\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, fosfor v\u0259 kalium bir s\u0131ra fizioloji prosesl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rl\u0259rin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Torpaqda fosfor v\u0259 kaliumun asan m\u0259nims\u0259nil\u0259n formalar\u0131 az olduqda v\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 azot g\u00fcbr\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etdikd\u0259 bitki k\u00f6kl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 azotu h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bilmir ki, bunun da n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rl\u0259rin v\u0259 z\u00fclallar\u0131n biosintezi z\u0259ifl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n
Azot bitkil\u0259r\u0259 laz\u0131m olan \u0259sas elementl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. O, bitki h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin protoplazmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan b\u00fct\u00fcn sad\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b z\u00fclallar\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olur. Azot h\u0259m\u00e7inin nuklein tur\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n (ribonuklein – RNT v\u0259 dezoksiribonuklein tur\u015fusu – DNT) t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olur. Bu tur\u015fular orqanizmd\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sind\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Azot xlorofild\u0259, fosfatitl\u0259rd\u0259, alkoloidl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 bitki h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa \u00fczvi madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 olur. Bitkil\u0259rin qidalanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6tr\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131ca azot m\u0259nb\u0259yi nitrat tur\u015fusunun duzlar\u0131 v\u0259 ammonium duzlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bitkil\u0259r azotla kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259chiz olunmad\u0131qda, onlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 z\u0259if gedir. Azotun t\u0259siri il\u0259 bitki yarpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259ngl\u0259ri k\u0259skin d\u0259yi\u015fir. Azot il\u0259 az t\u0259min olunmu\u015f yarpaqlar a\u00e7\u0131q ya\u015f\u0131l r\u0259ngli olurlar. Bitkinin azot qidalanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fcst v\u0259 alt epidermis h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin qal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na x\u00fcsusi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmir. Azot g\u00fcbr\u0259si il\u0259 t\u0259min edilmi\u015f bitkinin yarpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin deyil, onlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fosfor qidan\u0131n z\u0259ruri elementidir. Onsuz n\u0259inki ali bitkil\u0259rin, h\u0259m\u00e7inin ibtidai orqanizml\u0259rin d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildir. O, h\u0259yati hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan bir \u00e7ox madd\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olur. Madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti yaln\u0131z fosfat tur\u015fusunun i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 gedir v\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rl\u0259rin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n
Bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 fosfor mineral v\u0259 \u00fczvi madd\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 olur. Mineral formada o \u0259n \u00e7ox bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 ortofosfat tur\u015fusunun kalsium, kalium, maqnezium duzlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur.<\/p>\n
Bitkinin h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u00fczvi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 daxil olan fosfor \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 nuklein tur\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 birinci yer\u0259 qoymaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, y\u00fcks\u0259k molekulyar madd\u0259 olub, h\u0259yat f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm prosesl\u0259rind\u0259: z\u00fclallar\u0131n sintezind\u0259, b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7oxalmada, irsi xass\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259sl\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir. Fosforlu g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r nisb\u0259t\u0259n gec h\u0259ll olundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu torpa\u011fa, \u0259sas\u0259n, pay\u0131z d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 verirl\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki d\u0259n\u0259v\u0259r halda olan g\u00fcbr\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n h\u0259ll olur v\u0259 bitkini uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t qida madd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259min edir. Fosforlu g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n 14-18,7%-li toz\u015f\u0259killi superfosfat\u0131, 19,5-22%-li d\u0259n\u0259v\u0259rl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f superfosfat\u0131, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b g\u00fcbr\u0259 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olan 50 %-li ammonium fosfat, Diammosu v\u0259 nitrofoskan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n
Kalium heyvanlara, bitkil\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 mikroorqanizml\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q laz\u0131m olan \u0259sas qida elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 onun b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259si (\u00fcmumi miqdar\u0131n\u0131n 4\/5-d\u0259n az olmayaraq) h\u00fcceyr\u0259 \u015fir\u0259sind\u0259 olur. Kalium azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n xarici \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri bitkil\u0259rin yarpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n qonurla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlarda pas l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sidir; bu \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 kaliumun normaya nisb\u0259t\u0259n 3-5 d\u0259f\u0259 azalan zaman meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Kalium \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmad\u0131qda bitkil\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 yeti\u015fm\u0259si l\u0259ngiyir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli m\u0259hsul al\u0131nmas\u0131nda son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi hektardan 25-30 s\/ha m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda torpaqdan 90-120 kq azot, 40-50 kq fosfor v\u0259 150-200 kq kalium\u00a0 m\u0259nims\u0259yir. Bu q\u0259d\u0259r qida madd\u0259l\u0259ri ad\u0259t\u0259n z\u0259ngin olmayan torpaqlarda az miqdarda olur. \u018fsas\u0259n d\u0259 azot v\u0259 fosfor \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. G\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin verilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u00e7ox geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 onun m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (yarpaqlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 hesab\u0131na) v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. D\u00fczg\u00fcn normada verilmi\u015f g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisinin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmir, o h\u0259m d\u0259 bitkinin x\u0259st\u0259lik v\u0259 ziyanvericil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur. T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi alt\u0131na h\u0259m \u00fczvi h\u0259m d\u0259 mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r verilir. Mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259sas\u0259n azot, fosfor v\u0259 kalium daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. T\u00fct\u00fcn alt\u0131nda mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti onun xammal\u0131n\u0131n materiall\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olub, kimy\u0259vi t\u0259rkibind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r bitkinin fizioloji v\u0259 morfoloji \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259siri il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Az bir vaxtda t\u00fct\u00fcn yarpa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n morfoloji-anotomik strukturunun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 ged\u0259n kimy\u0259vi d\u0259yi\u015fiklik, al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f xammal\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kim v\u0259 texnoloji t\u0259rkibinin y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rini qida elementl\u0259ri il\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirmir, o h\u0259m d\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259r\u0259k orada ged\u0259n prosesl\u0259rin intensivliyini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisin\u0259 mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin laz\u0131mi normada v\u0259 vaxt\u0131nda da verilm\u0259si olduqca vacibdir. T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi ist\u0259r \u015fitil d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 tarlada mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin verilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7ox h\u0259ssasd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, \u015fitil vaxt\u0131 veril\u0259n g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r standart \u015fitill\u0259rin vaxt\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur v\u0259 onlar\u0131n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 tutulmas\u0131 faizini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sal\u0131r. T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisin\u0259 veril\u0259n g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r onun m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 5-6 sen artmas\u0131na v\u0259 m\u0259hsulun keyfiyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 yarpaqlar\u0131n \u0259mt\u0259\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tinin, kimy\u0259vi t\u0259rkibinin v\u0259 texnoloji g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckd\u0259 mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 \u0259sas texnoloji amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri olaraq qal\u0131r. Azot g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259ri t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisinin inki\u015faf\u0131na v\u0259 yarpaqlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r ki, bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hsul art\u0131m\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Fosfor v\u0259 kalium g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259ri xammal\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Lakin fosforun da normadan art\u0131q olmas\u0131 yarpaqlar\u0131n texniki yeti\u015fk\u0259nlik fazas\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l qurumas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Torpaqda yuyulmad\u0131qlar\u0131na v\u0259 az h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bu g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259r \u015fum alt\u0131na verilir. G\u00fcbr\u0259 veril\u0259rk\u0259n s\u0259l\u0259f m\u00fctl\u0259q n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Torpaq\u015f\u00fcnas aliml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259dqiqatlarla isbat edilmi\u015fdir ki, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif torpaq tipl\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00fcn bitkil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 ola bilm\u0259z. Bitki orqanizml\u0259rinin ekoloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin torpaq \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 (m\u00fchitin reaksiyas\u0131na, fiziki x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, \u00fczvi madd\u0259l\u0259rin, qida elementl\u0259rinin miqdar\u0131na v\u0259 s.) m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti \u00e7ox f\u0259rqlidirl\u0259r. Bu tamamil\u0259 t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisin\u0259 d\u0259 aiddir. T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisinin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259ti h\u0259l\u0259 sah\u0259d\u0259 ik\u0259n formala\u015f\u0131r. Burada \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt t\u0259kc\u0259 bec\u0259rilm\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259raitin komponentl\u0259ri torpaq v\u0259 iqlimdir.<\/p>\n
Torpaqda \u0259sas qida madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n azot, fosfor v\u0259 kaliumun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 bitkinin torpaq\u00fcst\u00fc orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f v\u0259 quru k\u00fctl\u0259sin\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n bitkinin boyuna, yarpaq s\u0259thin\u0259 v\u0259 say\u0131na, \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259nin ba\u015flanmas\u0131na, toxum \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 fazalar \u00fczr\u0259 orqanlarda nikotinin miqdar\u0131na t\u0259sirini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Azot \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bitkinin boyu \u00e7ox l\u0259ngiyir, yarpaqlar g\u00f6vd\u0259y\u0259 s\u0131x birl\u0259\u015fir, r\u0259ngi saral\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259 gec ba\u015flay\u0131r. Fosfor \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmad\u0131qda bitkinin boyu z\u0259if, yarpaqlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q-ya\u015f\u0131l olur v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259si \u00e7ox l\u0259ngiyir. Kalium q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda is\u0259 yarpaqlar\u0131n k\u0259narlar\u0131nda tutqun l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir, bitkid\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259 yuban\u0131r. Bu elementl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 birinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131ndan bitkinin b\u00fct\u00fcn orqanlar\u0131nda nikotinin miqdar\u0131 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olur, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 azot v\u0259 fosfor qidalanmas\u0131 z\u0259if olduqda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha \u00e7ox biruz\u0259 verir.<\/p>\n
Mineral g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n azotun optimal normadan art\u0131q verilm\u0259si, t\u00fct\u00fcn yarpa\u011f\u0131nda nikotin v\u0259 z\u00fclal\u0131n miqdar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r, sulu karbonlar\u0131n miqdar\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 azald\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi olan \u015emuk \u0259d\u0259dinin azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Azotun m\u00fcxt\u0259lif forma v\u0259 normalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisinin morfoloji \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, \u0259mt\u0259\u0259 xass\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, yarpaqlar\u0131n forma v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259, q\u00f6n\u00e7\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259, yarpaqlarda madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 suyun miqdar\u0131na t\u0259sirini geni\u015f t\u0259dqiq etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bitkid\u0259 q\u00f6n\u00e7\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6vd\u0259nin m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti olaraq b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si yava\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bitkid\u0259 dig\u0259r xarakterik hadis\u0259l\u0259r – aminaza v\u0259 interfazan\u0131n aktivliyinin v\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin xarakterinin, quru k\u00fctl\u0259nin toplanma s\u00fcr\u0259ti v\u0259 s. m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n
Bitkiy\u0259 daxil olmu\u015f azot, azotlu madd\u0259l\u0259rin ehtiyat\u0131 olan nikotin asparagin v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ehtiyat z\u00fclallar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259rf olunur. Azot qidalanmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259si zaman\u0131 bitkinin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 azotun bitkinin su rejimin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259siri b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Bu t\u0259sir h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l bitki toxumalar\u0131nda suyun artmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Qeyd edilir ki, quru k\u00fctl\u0259 vahidin\u0259 suyun daha y\u00fcks\u0259k miqdar\u0131, \u0259sas\u0259n g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f variantda yarpaqlarda intensiv inki\u015faf etm\u0259si m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi d\u0259nli tax\u0131l bitkil\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n torpaqdan daha \u00e7ox qida madd\u0259l\u0259ri apard\u0131qlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 eyni sah\u0259d\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259kildikd\u0259 h\u0259min sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qida madd\u0259l\u0259rinin miqdar\u0131 k\u0259skin sur\u0259td\u0259 azal\u0131r v\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131n strukturu pozulur. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, n\u00f6vb\u0259li \u0259kind\u0259 t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 s\u0259l\u0259f d\u0259nli-tax\u0131l, qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 v\u0259 birillik yem bitkil\u0259ri hesab edilir. Bu c\u00fcr s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rin z\u0259r\u0259rverici v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri d\u0259 t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qorxulu deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 bu s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259r torpaqda \u00e7oxlu miqdarda \u00fczvi madd\u0259l\u0259rin toplanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu da t\u00fct\u00fcn bitkisind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli m\u0259hsul al\u0131nmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B.e.f.d., dosent G\u00fcnel Seyidzad\u0259,<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n AMEA Nax\u00e7\u0131van B\u00f6lm\u0259si Bioresurslar \u0130nstitutu,<\/p>\n D\u0259nli, paxlal\u0131 v\u0259 texniki bitkil\u0259r laboratoriyas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn torpa\u011fa birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 azot v\u0259 fosfor, ikinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 kalium g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rinin verilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r. Torpa\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcnbitliyini y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259n aqrotexniki t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kdir. Bitkil\u0259rin normal inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara \u00e7oxlu miqdarda kimy\u0259vi elementl\u0259r laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu elementl\u0259rin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131na az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox miqdarda torpaqda rast g\u0259linir. \u018fg\u0259r torpaqda kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259sas qida madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n azot, fosfor v\u0259 kaliumun asan m\u0259nims\u0259nil\u0259n formalar\u0131 olmazsa k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rinin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r. Torpaqda NPK -\u0131n asan m\u0259nims\u0259nil\u0259n formalar\u0131 az olduqda g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rin iqtisadi effektliyi d\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":398984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499-660x365.jpg",660,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499-840x465.jpg",640,354,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/853573b516359423772219218221102499.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Sosial<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn torpa\u011fa birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 azot v\u0259 fosfor, ikinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 kalium g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rinin verilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r. Torpa\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcnbitliyini y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259n aqrotexniki t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kdir. Bitkil\u0259rin normal inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara \u00e7oxlu miqdarda kimy\u0259vi elementl\u0259r laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu elementl\u0259rin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131na az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox miqdarda torpaqda…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398983"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=398983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398983\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/398984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=398983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=398983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=398983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}