Hava \u00e7irkliliyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lara, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 insanlar olmaqla, heyvanlara v\u0259 bitkil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ziyan vurur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n at\u0131lan z\u0259r\u0259rli qazlar v\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r havan\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k, atmosferin t\u0259bii qurulu\u015funu v\u0259 t\u0259rkibini d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, karbon qaz\u0131, d\u0259m qaz\u0131, metan, ozon, k\u00fck\u00fcrd oksidi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri (k\u00fck\u00fcrd v\u0259 oksigenin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif nisb\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n qazlar) v\u0259 azotlu oksid birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri (azot v\u0259 oksigenin reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranan qazlar). Bu qazlar daha \u00e7ox k\u00f6m\u00fcr, neft v\u0259 t\u0259bii qaz, pestisidl\u0259r, urbanizasiya v\u0259 vulkanik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 artan b\u0259rk tullant\u0131lar kimi qal\u0131q yanacaqlar\u0131n yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131r. Bu qazlar\u0131n atmosferd\u0259 toplanmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 iqlimin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, yer s\u0259thin\u0259 yax\u0131n atmosferd\u0259 toplanan ozon molekullar\u0131n\u0131n heyvan v\u0259 bitkil\u0259r\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 insanlara t\u0259siri getdikc\u0259 daha art\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Qal\u0131q yanacaqlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 burax\u0131lan k\u00fck\u00fcrd qaz\u0131 (SO2) qaz\u0131 v\u0259 azot oksidi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri atmosferd\u0259ki su, oksigen v\u0259 dig\u0259r kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 reaksiyaya girir. K\u00fck\u00fcrd tur\u015fusu v\u0259 azot tur\u015fusuna \u00e7evril\u0259n bu madd\u0259l\u0259r ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, qar, duman v\u0259 dolu il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 yer\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r. Buna “tur\u015fu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131” deyilir. Tur\u015fu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya torpaq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n udulur, ya da birba\u015fa bataql\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bataql\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 ya\u011fan tur\u015fu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 zamanla \u00e7aylar, g\u00f6ll\u0259r, bataql\u0131qlar v\u0259 okeanlar kimi s\u0259th sular\u0131n\u0131n tur\u015fulu\u011funun artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu is\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan bal\u0131q, qurba\u011fa v\u0259 s. kimi su canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n populyasiyas\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Tur\u015fu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 torpaqda bitkil\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan minerallar\u0131n \u0259rim\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 a\u011faclar torpaqdan laz\u0131m olan minerallar\u0131 ala bilm\u0259dikl\u0259rind\u0259n zamanla \u00f6l\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Havan\u0131n \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259sinin f\u0259sadlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyidir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan qazlara istixana qazlar\u0131 deyilir. \u0130stixana qazlar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fd\u0259n Yer\u0259 \u00e7atan \u015f\u00fcalar\u0131n yenid\u0259n kosmosa \u0259ks olunmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Bu, Yer atmosferinin istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t istixana effekti adlan\u0131r. Yerin orta temperaturunun artmas\u0131 q\u00fctb b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki buzlaqlar\u0131n getdikc\u0259 daha s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259rim\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan q\u00fctb ay\u0131lar\u0131, pinqvinl\u0259r, balinalar v\u0259 suitil\u0259r kimi heyvanlar t\u0259dric\u0259n t\u0259bii ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini itirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 oksigen atomundan ibar\u0259t ozon molekullar\u0131 (O3) qoxusuz, mavi, reaktiv v\u0259 z\u0259h\u0259rli qazd\u0131r. Bu molekullar iki yolla \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir. \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 fotosintez n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ayr\u0131lan oksigen molekullar\u0131 (O2) G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n ultrab\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259yi \u015f\u00fcalar\u0131 udur v\u0259 iki oksigen atomuna (O) par\u00e7alan\u0131r. S\u0259rb\u0259st oksigen molekullar\u0131 reaksiyaya daxil olma\u011fa \u00e7ox haz\u0131rd\u0131r. Reaksiyaya haz\u0131r olan oksigen atomlar\u0131 atmosferin stratosfer qat\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k ozon molekulunu, bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259 ozon t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sini \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirirl\u0259r. T\u0259bii \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n bu t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n ultrab\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259yi \u015f\u00fcalar\u0131 udur v\u0259 onlar\u0131n Yer\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ozon molekullar\u0131 h\u0259m\u00e7inin elektrik stansiyalar\u0131ndan, neft emal\u0131 zavodlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 kimya zavodlar\u0131ndan t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 burax\u0131lan azot oksidi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin, d\u0259m qaz\u0131n\u0131n (CO) v\u0259 u\u00e7ucu \u00fczvi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu molekullar atmosferin yer s\u0259thin\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si olan troposferd\u0259 toplan\u0131r v\u0259 \u201ctroposfer ozonunu\u201d \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 stratosfer t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259ki ozon da troposfer t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir v\u0259 troposferd\u0259ki ozonun miqdar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Troposfer ozonunu t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n ozon molekullar\u0131 canl\u0131lara z\u0259h\u0259rli t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130nsanlarda v\u0259 heyvanlarda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan ozon bitkil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 ziyan vurur. D\u00fcnyada apar\u0131lan geni\u015f t\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 havan\u0131n \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259sinin qida \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bitkil\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259hsul itkisin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. Hava \u00e7irkliliyinin ot, kol v\u0259 a\u011fac bitkil\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259siri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259ssas n\u00f6vl\u0259rin v\u0259 genotipl\u0259rin r\u0259qab\u0259t qabiliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli azalmalar m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Hava \u00e7irkl\u0259ndiricil\u0259rinin bitkil\u0259r\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli t\u0259siri \u00e7irkl\u0259ndiricinin n\u00f6v\u00fc v\u0259 konsentrasiyas\u0131, bitkinin n\u00f6v\u00fc v\u0259 inki\u015faf d\u00f6vr\u00fc, i\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 temperatur kimi \u0259traf m\u00fchit amill\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. Havan\u0131n \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259si bitkil\u0259rin fiziologiyas\u0131na, biokimy\u0259vi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, eyni zamanda, b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131qda ciddi itkil\u0259r\u0259, qida keyfiyy\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Bitkil\u0259rin fizioloji f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti q\u0131\u015f m\u00f6vs\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 z\u0259ifl\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirici konsentrasiyalar bitkil\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 daha az t\u0259sirli olur. Yaz v\u0259 yayda y\u00fcks\u0259k temperatur v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259t madd\u0259l\u0259rin katalizator t\u0259sirini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir ki, bu da \u00e7irkl\u0259ndiricil\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n toksikliyini art\u0131r\u0131r. Qaz m\u00fcbadil\u0259si zaman\u0131 bitkil\u0259rin m\u0259sam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n (stoma) daxil olan ozon molekullar\u0131 t\u0259n\u0259ff\u00fcs prosesind\u0259 bitkinin yarpaqlar\u0131nda olan h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri yand\u0131r\u0131r. Yarpaqlar\u0131 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f bitkil\u0259r fotosintez ed\u0259 bilmir v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Hava \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259sinin bitkil\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sirini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun ola bil\u0259r:<\/em><\/p>\n 1- SO2, NOx v\u0259 dig\u0259r hava \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirici qazlar\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bioloji vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bakteriyalar) ibar\u0259t qur\u011fular yarad\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2- Az yanan k\u00fck\u00fcrd t\u0259rkibli yanacaqlarla yana\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi v\u0259 geotermal ehtiyatlar kimi \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirici enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n 3- N\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn katalizatorlardan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259ddi a\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 4- C\u0259miyy\u0259t hava \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, havan\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259n madd\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 canl\u0131lara t\u0259sir mexanizmini bilm\u0259k, davaml\u0131 v\u0259\u00a0 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif inki\u015faf proqramlar\u0131na ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tir\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n S\u0259id\u0259 Bayramova, Hava \u00e7irkliliyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lara, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 insanlar olmaqla, heyvanlara v\u0259 bitkil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ziyan vurur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n at\u0131lan z\u0259r\u0259rli qazlar v\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r havan\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k, atmosferin t\u0259bii qurulu\u015funu v\u0259 t\u0259rkibini d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, karbon qaz\u0131, d\u0259m qaz\u0131, metan, ozon, k\u00fck\u00fcrd oksidi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri (k\u00fck\u00fcrd v\u0259 oksigenin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif nisb\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n qazlar) v\u0259 azotlu oksid birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri (azot v\u0259 oksigenin reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranan qazlar). Bu qazlar daha \u00e7ox k\u00f6m\u00fcr, neft v\u0259 t\u0259bii qaz, pestisidl\u0259r, urbanizasiya v\u0259 vulkanik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 artan b\u0259rk tullant\u0131lar kimi qal\u0131q yanacaqlar\u0131n yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":440896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012-660x365.jpg",660,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012-840x465.jpg",640,354,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/f8f5161c164518392584452290810573012.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Hava \u00e7irkliliyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lara, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 insanlar olmaqla, heyvanlara v\u0259 bitkil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ziyan vurur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n at\u0131lan z\u0259r\u0259rli qazlar v\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r havan\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k, atmosferin t\u0259bii qurulu\u015funu v\u0259 t\u0259rkibini d\u0259yi\u015fir. 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\nAMEA Nax\u00e7\u0131van B\u00f6lm\u0259si, Bioresurslar \u0130nstitutunun\u00a0\u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"