{"id":481716,"date":"2022-06-02T07:34:27","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T04:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=481716"},"modified":"2022-06-02T07:34:27","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T04:34:27","slug":"muasir-dovrd%c9%99-populyarliq-qazanan-ingilis-dili-nec%c9%99-yaranib","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=481716","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 populyarl\u0131q qazanan \u0130ngilis dili nec\u0259 yaran\u0131b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content lead font-weight-normal\">\n<p>Bir dilin yaranmas\u0131 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin dil yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u0131r s\u0131ra \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir. M\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada rolu \u0259v\u0259zsiz olan ingilis dili \u0259n tez-tez istifad\u0259 olunan dil hesab olunur.<\/p>\n<p>450-d\u0259n \u00e7ox milyon insan bu dili do\u011fma dil kimi istifad\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259,\u00a0 600-650 milyon insan rabit\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 dil kimi ingilis dilind\u0259n yararlan\u0131r. XIX \u0259srd\u0259 konkret des\u0259k 1800-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 ingilisc\u0259 Avropa dill\u0259ri aras\u0131nda h\u0259l\u0259 be\u015finci s\u0131rada idi. \u00c7in v\u0259 ispancadan sonra 3-c\u00fc s\u0131rada olan \u0130ngilis dilinin t\u0259sir dair\u0259si bu dill\u0259rd\u0259n qat-qat \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngilis dili Britaniya, Kanada, Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar, Avstraliya v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Afrika daxil olmaqla, yetmi\u015f be\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259nin r\u0259smi dilidir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259rin dan\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n bir-biri il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259tini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vaxt ingilis dili r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Hindistan \u00f6lk\u0259si buna \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259dir. \u0130ngilis dili 24 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dilin h\u0259r birlind\u0259 bir milyondan art\u0131q insan\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ham\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi dildir. \u0130ngilis dilinin k\u00f6kl\u0259ri haradan g\u0259lir? N\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu dil bu q\u0259d\u0259r populyar bir dil olub?<\/p>\n<p>Bu suallara cavab verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn be\u015f min il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l C\u0259nub-\u015f\u0259rqi Avropada Qara d\u0259nizd\u0259n \u015fimal b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 tarixi ekskurs etm\u0259liyik. Ekspertl\u0259r bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki insanlar\u0131n proto-hind-Avropa dilind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yir. Bu dil art\u0131q m\u00f6vcud deyil v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r onun n\u0259 c\u00fcr s\u0259sl\u0259ndiyini bilmir. Amma Avropa dill\u0259rinin \u00e7oxunun \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u0259hz proto-hind-Avropa dili durur. Buraya q\u0259dim yunan, alman v\u0259 lat\u0131n dill\u0259ri daxildir. Lat\u0131n dili dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q dili kimi art\u0131q m\u00f6vcud deyil. Lakin m\u00fcasir ispan, frans\u0131z v\u0259 italyan dill\u0259rinin k\u00f6k\u00fc lat\u0131n dilind\u0259 g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n<p>Q\u0259dim alman dili holland, Danimarka, alman, norve\u00e7, isve\u00e7 v\u0259 ingilis dilinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015f dill\u0259rdin birinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u0130ngilis dili bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l Britaniya adas\u0131n\u0131n istilalar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar Avropan\u0131n \u015fimal sahill\u0259ri boyu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130lk istilalar min be\u015f y\u00fcz il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l\u00a0anqllar\u00a0t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi.\u00a0Anqllar\u00a0\u0130ngilis kanal\u0131n\u0131 (La Man\u015f)\u00a0ke\u00e7\u0259n\u00a0german\u00a0tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri idi. Sonradan Britaniyaya daha iki tayfan\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri ke\u00e7di. Bunlar\u00a0saksonlar\u00a0v\u0259\u00a0yutlar\u00a0idi. Bu qruplar Britaniyada bir ne\u00e7\u0259 min il ya\u015fayan\u00a0keltl\u0259rl\u0259\u00a0qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131.\u00a0Keltl\u0259r\u00a0v\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda m\u00fcharib\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu sava\u015flarda\u00a0keltl\u0259rin\u00a0b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00f6ld\u00fc, ya da qula \u00e7evrildi. B\u0259zil\u0259ri sonradan\u00a0Uels\u00a0adland\u0131r\u0131lan yerl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc. Uzun ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259\u00a0saksonlar, anqllar\u00a0v\u0259\u00a0yutlar\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dill\u0259rin qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259\u00a0anqlosaks, ya da q\u0259dim ingilis dili t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Q\u0259dim ingilis dilini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k olduqca \u00e7\u0259tindir. \u0130ngilis dilinin bu q\u0259dim formas\u0131nda yaz\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini yaln\u0131z b\u0259zi ekspertl\u0259r oxuya bilir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 yaz\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259si qal\u0131b. Bu, q\u0259hr\u0259man krala h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f \u201cBeovulf\u201d poemas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar peoman\u0131n 7-8-ci \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid oldu\u011funu bildirir. Poeman\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifinin kim oldu\u011fu m\u0259lum deyil.T\u0259xmin\u0259n min y\u00fcz il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l Britaniya yenid\u0259n, bu d\u0259f\u0259 \u015fimaldan\u00a0vikinql\u0259r\u00a0t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istila edilir. Danimarka, Norve\u00e7 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015fimal \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n\u00a0vikinql\u0259r\u00a0ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 qul bazarlar\u0131 tapmaq ist\u0259yirdi. Onlar b\u0259zi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k, m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti bazalar yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin sonradan bu bazalar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilib daimi m\u0259skunla\u015fma m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n<p>Vikinql\u0259r\u00a0Britaniyada da m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259 bu g\u00fcn m\u00f6vcud olan bir s\u0131ra s\u00f6zl\u0259r\u00a0vikinql\u0259rd\u0259n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201csky\u201d(s\u0259ma), \u201cleg\u201d(ayaq), \u201cegg\u201d (yumurta), \u201ccrawl\u201d(s\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u0259k), \u201clift\u201d(qald\u0131rmaq) v\u0259 \u201ctake\u201d (g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k) kimi s\u00f6zl\u0259r \u015fimal xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim dill\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259lir. 1066-c\u0131 ild\u0259 is\u0259 Britaniya daha bir istilaya m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Tarixd\u0259 bu Norman \u0130\u015f\u011fallar\u0131 adlan\u0131r. Bu i\u015f\u011fallara \u0130stila\u00e7\u0131 Vilyam ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q edirdi. Normanlar Fransan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131nda Normandiyadan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Onlar Britaniyan\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 olmu\u015f v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz il \u0259rzind\u0259 frans\u0131zca dan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. O zaman \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm dill\u0259rd\u0259n biri hesab edil\u0259n frans\u0131z dilind\u0259 savadl\u0131 adamlar dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Adi insanlar\u0131n dili is\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki kim q\u0259dim ingilis dili olaraq qal\u0131rd\u0131.Q\u0259dim ingilis dilind\u0259 frans\u0131z dilind\u0259n bir \u00e7ox s\u00f6z g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cdamage\u201d(z\u0259r\u0259r), \u201cprinson\u201d(h\u0259bsxana) v\u0259 \u201cmarriage\u201d(evlilik) kimi s\u00f6zl\u0259r ingilis dilin\u0259 frans\u0131z dilind\u0259n g\u0259lib. \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259 qanunlar v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 aid bir s\u0131ra s\u00f6zl\u0259r d\u0259 normanlar\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 frans\u0131z dilind\u0259n g\u0259lib. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259r\u0259 \u201cjury\u201d( j\u00fcri), \u201cparliament\u201d( parlament) v\u0259 \u201cjustice\u201d(\u0259dal\u0259t,\u0259dliyy\u0259) kimi s\u00f6zl\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.Norman h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n istifad\u0259 etdiyi frans\u0131z dili s\u0259kkiz y\u00fcz il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l insanlar\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ingilis dilin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib. Ekspertl\u0259r dilin tarixind\u0259 bu d\u00f6vr\u00fc Orta ingilis dili adland\u0131r\u0131r. Zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 normanlar art\u0131q \u0259sl frans\u0131z dilind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fa bilmirdi. Onlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259tdiyi dil frans\u0131z v\u0259 orta ingilis dilinin qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t idi.Orta ingilis dili m\u00fcasir ingilis dilin\u0259 ox\u015fay\u0131r, lakin onu indi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259n bir \u00e7ox yaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259min d\u00f6vr ingilis \u0259d\u0259bi dilinin \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259s\u0259rin 1400-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Londonda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u015fair Ceffri \u00c7oser t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259nzum \u201cKenterberri hekay\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d hesab edilir. \u018fs\u0259r Kenterberri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259r ed\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif insanlar\u0131n dilind\u0259n s\u00f6yl\u0259nil\u0259n \u015ferl\u0259r toplusu \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b.\u0130ngilis dili m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Ceffri \u00c7oseri ingilis dilind\u0259 yazan ilk \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fair adland\u0131r\u0131r. Onlar \u00c7oserin \u201cKenterberri hekay\u0259l\u0259ri\u201dnin o d\u00f6vr Britaniyada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sl m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini yarada bildiyini deyir. Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259r Orta ingilis dili inki\u015faf ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcasir ingilis dilin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkan H\u0259s\u0259nzad\u0259,<\/strong><br \/>\n<u>NDU-nun \u0130ngilis dili v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi<\/u><\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sharing my-2 row no-gutters d-print-none\">\n<div class=\"col-md-3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir dilin yaranmas\u0131 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin dil yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u0131r s\u0131ra \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir. M\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada rolu \u0259v\u0259zsiz olan ingilis dili \u0259n tez-tez istifad\u0259 olunan dil hesab olunur. 450-d\u0259n \u00e7ox milyon insan bu dili do\u011fma dil kimi istifad\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259,\u00a0 600-650 milyon insan rabit\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 dil kimi ingilis dilind\u0259n yararlan\u0131r. XIX \u0259srd\u0259 konkret des\u0259k 1800-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 ingilisc\u0259 Avropa dill\u0259ri aras\u0131nda h\u0259l\u0259 be\u015finci s\u0131rada idi. \u00c7in v\u0259 ispancadan sonra 3-c\u00fc s\u0131rada olan \u0130ngilis dilinin t\u0259sir dair\u0259si bu dill\u0259rd\u0259n qat-qat \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ngilis dili Britaniya,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":481717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347-660x365.jpg",660,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347-840x465.jpg",640,354,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d6d23170165409574875285973410586347.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?cat=1\" rel=\"category\">C\u0259miyy\u0259t<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Bir dilin yaranmas\u0131 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin dil yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u0131r s\u0131ra \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir. M\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada rolu \u0259v\u0259zsiz olan ingilis dili \u0259n tez-tez istifad\u0259 olunan dil hesab olunur. 450-d\u0259n \u00e7ox milyon insan bu dili do\u011fma dil kimi istifad\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259,\u00a0 600-650 milyon insan rabit\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 dil kimi&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481716"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=481716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/481717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=481716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=481716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=481716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}