{"id":512585,"date":"2022-09-13T07:56:29","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T04:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=512585"},"modified":"2022-09-13T07:56:29","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T04:56:29","slug":"ortaq-kecmisd%c9%99n-ortaq-g%c9%99l%c9%99c%c9%99y%c9%99-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=512585","title":{"rendered":"ORTAQ KE\u00c7M\u0130\u015eD\u018fN ORTAQ G\u018fL\u018fC\u018fY\u018f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7AR\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u011eAL\u00c7ILIQ S\u0130YAS\u018fT\u0130 \u00dcMUMT\u00dcRK TAR\u0130X\u0130 KONTEKST\u0130ND\u018f – Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda v\u0259 ondan t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 tatar xanl\u0131qlar\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(tarixi-etnoqrafik o\u00e7erkl\u0259r)<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00a0 A\u00a0 Z\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0 L\u00a0 I\u00a0 \u011e\u00a0 I<\/strong><\/p>\n

Noqay Ordas\u0131nda, Kr\u0131m, qism\u0259n d\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xanl\u0131qlar\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0130slam x\u0259lif\u0259sinin d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Osmanl\u0131da 1550-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n Kazan\u0131n istila olunmas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda v\u0259 birlikd\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. H\u0259l\u0259 1551-ci ild\u0259 rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccumu \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n el\u00e7il\u0259ri Taq\u0131zek\u015fi v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d cavu\u015f Noqay Ordas\u0131nda olmu\u015f, Yusuf Mirz\u0259 il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Kazan\u0131 Yusuf Mirz\u0259nin q\u0131z\u0131 Suyumbik\u0259 idar\u0259 edirdi. \u0130lya Zaytsev dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda Kazana h\u0259rbi-siyasi yard\u0131m m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu oldu\u011funu ehtimal edir. Q. D.Burdeyin bel\u0259 bir m\u00fclahiz\u0259si d\u0259 bu ehtimal\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259tl\u0259ndirir: Yusuf Mirz\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131 \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131 Volqan\u0131 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan kalqay\u0131 (xan\u0131n varisi) Takbildi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 (\u0130smay\u0131l da Yusif Mirz\u0259nin kalqay\u0131, v\u0259li\u0259hdi idi) ruslara qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq edirdi. \u0130.Zaytsevin fikrinc\u0259, 1552-ci ilin yaz\u0131nda s\u0259firl\u0259r bir daha \u0130smay\u0131l Mirz\u0259ni Moskva \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dil\u0259 tutmu\u015f, lakin yola g\u0259tir\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bu zaman m\u00f6vqeyini daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirmi\u015f \u0130smay\u0131l imkan v\u0259 n\u00fcfuzundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Yusuf Mirz\u0259ni d\u0259 bu fikird\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kindirmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 v\u0259 Kr\u0131m s\u0259firl\u0259rini is\u0259 zindana atd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buna baxmayaraq, ruslar\u0131n Kazan y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259 m\u00f6vqeyi tutmad\u0131qlar\u0131 da m\u0259lumdur. \u018fn az\u0131 Kr\u0131m xan\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Gireyin K\u0259f\u0259 yeni\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Tulaya h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7diyini (yuxar\u0131da bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0131sa da olsa, toxunduq), 1553-c\u00fc ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda is\u0259 Yusuf Mirz\u0259nin \u00c7al\u0131mda Kazan taxt\u0131na \u0259yl\u0259\u015f\u0259n o\u011flu \u018fli\u0259kr\u0259mi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ordu toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirik. Yusuf Mirz\u0259 manevr m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 Rusiya \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 basq\u0131n etm\u0259k, \u00e7ar qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n diqq\u0259tini yay\u0131nd\u0131rmaq, q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini par\u00e7alamaq v\u0259 onlar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131ma h\u00fccumdan \u00e7\u0259kindirm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 idi. Bu planda h\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxanl\u0131lar da yer al\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxanl\u0131 Ya\u011fmur\u00e7u xan\u0131n Yusuf Mirz\u0259y\u0259 \u201cMoskva \u0259traf\u0131na h\u00fccum \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u201d 500 n\u0259f\u0259rlik silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi (yaxud g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k ist\u0259diyi) t\u0259sbit edilir. Plana \u0259sas\u0259n, Yusuf Mirz\u0259 Volqan\u0131 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan \u0259razisind\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259li idi v\u0259 onun qo\u015fununun \u00e7ay\u0131 ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxanla raz\u0131l\u0131q \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015fdu. Rusiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccum haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n \u0130.Zaytsevin 1553-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Kr\u0131m, Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n antirus koalisiyas\u0131 yaratmalar\u0131 haqda m\u00fclahiz\u0259sini d\u0259 \u0259sass\u0131z saymaq olmaz. M.Xudyakov is\u0259 h\u0259min il ruslar\u0131n Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha bir h\u00fccum g\u00f6zl\u0259dikl\u0259rini, lakin \u201cdan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar yolu il\u0259 bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bildikl\u0259rini\u201d qeyd edir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 ruslara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcs\u0259lman ittifaq\u0131n\u0131n qurulmas\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rin gedi\u015find\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq bir deyil, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 variant\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilib. Misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, noqayl\u0131 \u0130smay\u0131l Mirz\u0259nin 1553-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Moskvaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi s\u0259far\u0259td\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n \u0130.Zaytsevin H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na birg\u0259 h\u00fccum haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs etm\u0259si maraq do\u011furur. Alimin fikrinc\u0259, \u0130smay\u0131l Mirz\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n yararlanaraq, ruslarla siyasi s\u00f6vd\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 getm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi: \u201c\u0130smay\u0131l, faktiki olaraq, D\u0259rvi\u015fin H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan taxt\u0131na g\u0259tirilm\u0259si m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 ruslara dostluq v\u0259d edir, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti, Kr\u0131m v\u0259 Kazan\u0131n H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qurduqlar\u0131 antirus koalisiyas\u0131na daxil olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirirdi\u201d. Burada diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb ed\u0259n daha bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 yarad\u0131lan koalisiyada Kazan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn (\u00fcsyan\u00e7\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r) d\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r ki, i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7ar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u015f\u0259ratind\u0259 bel\u0259 Kazan xan\u0131 \u018fli\u0259kr\u0259m \u0259trafda ba\u015f ver\u0259n taley\u00fckl\u00fc hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259narda qalmam\u0131\u015f, daxild\u0259 \u00fcsyan\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u00fcmumi antirus m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259ntiql\u0259 bel\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k olar ki, bu vaxt Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 art\u0131q vahid vektor \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 eyni q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan \u0259traf\u0131nda c\u0259r\u0259yan v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da t\u0259svir edil\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r bir-birind\u0259n ayr\u0131l\u0131qda t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fctt\u0259fiq q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fccumu da h\u0259m onu \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib, rus i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan xilas etm\u0259k, h\u0259m d\u0259 diqq\u0259ti Kazandan yay\u0131nd\u0131rmaqla \u00c7al\u0131mdak\u0131 \u00fcsyan\u00e7\u0131lara vaxt qazand\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u00fcd\u00fcrd\u00fc. D\u00f6vl\u0259t Gireyin h\u0259l\u0259 1552-ci ild\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xan\u0131 Ya\u011fmur\u00e7uya 13 top g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259si fakt\u0131 da birg\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 versiyas\u0131n\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259tl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259t Girey xan\u0131n Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi d\u00f6nm\u0259zlik v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirdiyi tarixd\u0259n m\u0259lumdur. Onun Rusiya il\u0259 \u00e7oxdan g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259si 1555-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Yen\u0259 ilk z\u0259rb\u0259 Tulaya endirildi. Ruslar Belyovdan Muravsk yolu il\u0259 cavab h\u00fccumuna ke\u00e7dil\u0259r. \u0130van \u015eeremetyevin qo\u015funu kr\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n arxa c\u0259bh\u0259sin\u0259 soxularaq,\u00a0 t\u0259chizatda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0131r\u0131ql\u0131q v\u0259 fasil\u0259 yarada bils\u0259 d\u0259, Tulan\u0131n 150 verst c\u0259nubunda tarmar edildi. 1556-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olan \u0130slam-Kermen (\u0130slam Kirman; haz\u0131rda Ukraynan\u0131n Xerson vilay\u0259tind\u0259 Kaxovka \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri) v\u0259 O\u00e7akov (\u00d6zi) qalalar\u0131na h\u00fccumlar da n\u0259tic\u0259 verm\u0259di. \u00c7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n t\u00fcrk birlikl\u0259ri qo\u015fun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan Vi\u015fnevetskinin d\u0259st\u0259sini Dneprd\u0259ki Xortitsa adas\u0131ndan vurub \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131lar. 1558-ci ild\u0259 ruslar Ada\u015fevin komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kr\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n yenid\u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc h\u00fccuma ba\u015flamas\u0131na cavab olaraq qay\u0131qlarla Dneprd\u0259n d\u0259niz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar v\u0259 yar\u0131madan\u0131n sahilyan\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 basq\u0131n etdil\u0259r. Bu zaman art\u0131q H\u0259\u015ft\u0259xan u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Ya\u011fmur\u00e7u xan ruslar\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259k verdiyi D\u0259rvi\u015f \u018flinin h\u0259rbi t\u0259zyiql\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tir\u0259 bilm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 bar\u0131\u015fm\u0131r, taxt\u0131n\u0131 geri qaytarmaq \u00fcmidi il\u0259 durmadan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1555-ci ild\u0259 D\u0259rvi\u015fin o\u011flu Yantemirin (yaxud Cantemirin) qasidl\u0259 Moskvaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubdan Ya\u011fmur\u00e7u xan\u0131n Mirz\u0259 Yusufun o\u011flanlar\u0131 Yunus, \u018fli v\u0259 Akmirz\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yeridiyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130.Zaytsev\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Kr\u0131mdan al\u0131nan bir m\u0259lumatda D\u00f6vl\u0259t Gireyin d\u0259 onlarla ittifaqa girdiyi v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 birg\u0259 h\u00fccum haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131na qo\u015fuldu\u011fu bildirilir. Art\u0131q D\u0259rvi\u015f xan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 Kr\u0131m t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 meyll\u0259nmi\u015f, D\u00f6vl\u0259t Gireyin o\u011flu Kazbulat\u0131 (y\u0259qin ki, Qazi Bulat dem\u0259kdir) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 kalqay t\u0259yin etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xan\u0131 D\u0259rvi\u015f \u018flinin tatar alyans\u0131na qo\u015fulmas\u0131 x\u0259b\u0259ri t\u0259sdiql\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra IV \u0130van onun namiz\u0259dliyini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f himay\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u0130smay\u0131l Mirz\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r Noqay mirz\u0259l\u0259rini (Arslan v\u0259 b.) 1556-c\u0131 ilin yaz\u0131nda Kr\u0131m \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 birg\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa m\u0259cbur etm\u0259k tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0259fir \u0130qnati Zaqryajskini \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015f, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 D\u0259rvi\u015f \u018flinin o\u011flu Yantemiri Kr\u0131m taxt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d etmi\u015fdi. Lakin missiya Noqay Ordas\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 burada hakimiyy\u0259t art\u0131q qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fin- Yusufun o\u011flu Yunusun \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7diyind\u0259n \u00e7ar\u0131n bu c\u0259hdi he\u00e7 bir n\u0259tic\u0259 verm\u0259mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Volqaboyunda ged\u0259n prosesl\u0259ri diqq\u0259tl\u0259 izl\u0259y\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti d\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rini daha \u00e7ox Avropa istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259rk\u00fczl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq Kazan\u0131n, daha sonra is\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na laqeyd qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259lumdur ki, Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 himay\u0259sind\u0259 idi v\u0259 \u0130stanbul saray\u0131 buradak\u0131 regional siyas\u0259tini Gireyl\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iridi. H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan z\u0259bt edildikd\u0259n sonra ruslar art\u0131q X\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Kr\u0131m, T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan v\u0259 Noqay Ordas\u0131ndan al\u0131nan x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r onlar\u0131n daha da ir\u0259lil\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Bunu Rusiyan\u0131n c\u0259nub s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131na s\u0259lib y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti 1561-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 regiondak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259kl\u0259 \u201ck\u00fcffara qar\u015f\u0131\u201d m\u00fcharib\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

II Sultan S\u0259limin \u00e7ara t\u0259hdid dolu m\u0259ktublar\u0131ndan sonra 1569-cu ild\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana tarixi s\u0259f\u0259r ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirildi. T\u00fcrk-Kr\u0131m qo\u015funu h\u0259min ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131 tutma\u011fa m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q olsa da, \u0259ld\u0259 saxlaya bilm\u0259di. 1570-ci ild\u0259 ruslar s\u00fclh dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131na ba\u015flama\u011f\u0131 t\u0259klif etdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n Kabardada in\u015fa etdikl\u0259ri T\u0259rki qalas\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7urma\u011fa raz\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ciddi ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna baxmayaraq sultan\u0131n irad\u0259si daha s\u0259rt v\u0259 q\u0259ti idi: ruslar iki yoldan birini se\u00e7m\u0259li- ya Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131 azad etm\u0259li, ya da h\u0259m Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na x\u0259rac \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259li idil\u0259r. Rus h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 uzatmas\u0131 1572-ci ilin yaz\u0131nda Kr\u0131m ordusunun Rusiyaya yeni h\u00fccumu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259han\u0259 oldu. \u0130van kr\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n Moskva istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259si x\u0259b\u0259rini c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 e\u015fidib, qorxusundan Yaroslavla qa\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u00fcrk-tatar qo\u015funu qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259ri yand\u0131r\u0131b y\u0131xaraq may\u0131n 24-d\u0259 Moskvaya \u00e7atd\u0131. D\u00f6vl\u0259t Girey xan\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r posad\u0131na od vuruldu. Yan\u011f\u0131n el\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc idi ki, Flet\u00e7erin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n 17 il ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259n sonra da \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri tam b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u0259kc\u0259 Moskvada 800 min n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 150 min n\u0259f\u0259r \u0259sir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. D\u00f6vl\u0259t xan bunun Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxanda t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259rin qisas\u0131 oldu\u011funu gizl\u0259tmirdi. Sonrak\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar zaman\u0131 o, IV \u0130vana demi\u015fdi: \u201cBiz Kazan v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7oxmu d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7ilik ed\u0259c\u0259yik? Onlar\u0131 ver v\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di dost olaq. H\u0259m d\u0259 savabd\u0131r. Bizim kitab\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131 kafir \u0259lind\u0259 qalmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Rus h\u00f6kum\u0259ti H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131 qaytarma\u011fa v\u0259 bu xanl\u0131q \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 Kr\u0131mla birg\u0259 protektorat t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q verir, Kazanla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259bi is\u0259 yax\u0131n buraxm\u0131rd\u0131. Dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Moskva yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n birind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 qazand\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k dir\u0259\u015fir, manevr ediridil\u0259r.
\nBuna s\u0259b\u0259b is\u0259 1570-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Kazan u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin t\u0259dric\u0259n yum\u015falma\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131 idi. Do\u011frudan da \u0130nebaxt\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n (1571) sonra Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin diqq\u0259ti Rusiya c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259n yay\u0131nmmaqda idi. \u018f.D\u0259mirin s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 des\u0259k,\u00a0 \u201c\u0130nebaxt\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 K\u0131br\u0131s s\u0259f\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti rus t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sini bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t unutdu\u201d. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, ba\u015fqa m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rmamal\u0131y\u0131q. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131 il\u0259 ehtiyatl\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 1572-ci ild\u0259 t\u00fcrk-tatar qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n Molodya (Molodin)\u00a0 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259ki m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si bu s\u0131rada \u0259sas yer tutur. Bu hadis\u0259 \u0130stanbulun b\u0259zi dair\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Rusiya il\u0259 yeni\u00a0 qar\u015f\u0131durmalardan \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k q\u0259na\u0259tini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirmi\u015f, h\u0259min q\u0259na\u0259tin d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259\u00a0 sultan\u0131 da inand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. B\u0259zi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r is\u0259 bu Kazan-H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan siyas\u0259tind\u0259n \u201csoyuma\u201dn\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin Pol\u015fa, Macar\u0131stan, Avstriya il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fmaq, Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k kimi planlar qurmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah etm\u0259y\u0259 meyllidirl\u0259r. Biz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, sadalanan \u00a0m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n hans\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn, hans\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 art\u0131q yaln\u0131z n\u0259z\u0259ri \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Zira tarixd\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r yox, n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r qal\u0131r. N\u0259tic\u0259 is\u0259 budur ki, yaranm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u0259rbi-siyasi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 c\u0259hdl\u0259ri u\u011fur qazanmam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Kazan tatarlar\u0131 sonda meydanda t\u0259k qalm\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131n da \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n qat-qat g\u00fccl\u00fc bir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7almaq ehtimal\u0131, sad\u0259c\u0259, s\u0131f\u0131ra b\u0259rab\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. 1582-ci v\u0259 1592-ci ill\u0259rin \u00fcsyanlar\u0131 da \u00e7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0259rt bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra \u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 bar\u0131\u015fmaq- n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 mistik s\u0259sl\u0259ns\u0259 bel\u0259!- Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u011fal\u0131n etnik, sosial, dini-m\u0259d\u0259ni n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri<\/p>\n

Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131, m\u00fcqavim\u0259t ruhlu b\u00fct\u00fcn ciddi c\u0259hdl\u0259r\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n bunun ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin tarixi, h\u0259rbi-siyasi aspektl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat apar\u0131l\u0131b, cild-cild kitablar yaz\u0131l\u0131b. \u0130\u015f\u011fal\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif rakurslardan detallar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hlil edilib, \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirilib.M\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r qurulub, f\u0259rziyy\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r s\u00f6yl\u0259nilib. Biz, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, bunlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dayanmayaca\u011f\u0131q. M\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, i\u015f\u011fal faktlar\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rin t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u0131na varmaq ist\u0259yi b\u00fct\u00fcn hallarda q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n diskussiya v\u0259 spekulyasiyalar do\u011furur; polemika ruhuis\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n axar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259bii elmi m\u0259cradan \u00e7\u0131xararaq, subyektivizm\u0259 v\u0259 destruktivizm\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldir. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, Kazan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 prosesind\u0259, habel\u0259 bundan sonrak\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck zaman k\u0259simind\u0259 Volqaboyu tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n, xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dig\u0259r axtoxton sakinl\u0259rinin m\u0259ruz qald\u0131qlar\u0131 siyasi, iqtisadi, etnik-sosial, dini-m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259\u015f\u0259qq\u0259tl\u0259r ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259rin h\u0259qiqi motivl\u0259rini anlamaq v\u0259 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha obyektiv t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr yarada bil\u0259r…<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u011faldan sonra tatar xalq\u0131 (el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dig\u0259r etnik qruplar\u0131) zor g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 \u00f6z tarixi inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bii yolundan k\u0259narla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, mahiyy\u0259tc\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r sivilizasiyas\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum olundu. Sa\u011f qalm\u0131\u015f sakinl\u0259r sui-q\u0259sd c\u0259hdl\u0259ri b\u0259han\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259r\u0259k, Kazandan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131lar v\u0259 Bulaq \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n o biri tay\u0131ndak\u0131 Kurai\u015f (haz\u0131rda K\u00f6hn\u0259 tatar) slobodas\u0131nda ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yer\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n qalaya daxil olmas\u0131 bel\u0259 qada\u011fan edildi. B\u0259zil\u0259rin\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki evl\u0259rini s\u00f6k\u00fcb yeni ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sin\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icaz\u0259 verils\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fclkl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif v\u0259sil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 olundu. Do\u011fma od-oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259n, faktiki olaraq s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqs\u0131z qalanlar ba\u015f g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb qon\u015fu diyarlara gedir, ya da \u0259traf k\u0259ndl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nirdil\u0259r, s\u0259fill\u0259rin say\u0131-hesab\u0131 yox idi. Rusiya arxivl\u0259rind\u0259 qalan qeydiyyat kitablar\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rildiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bin\u0259sib tatar v\u0259 \u00e7iva\u015flar tutularaq qul kimi i\u015fl\u0259dilirdil\u0259r. \u201cAdam ovu\u201d 1551-1557-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 rus \u0259sk\u0259r v\u0259 zabitl\u0259rinin \u0259n sevimli m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fll\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259ni (s\u00f6hb\u0259t minl\u0259rl\u0259 insandan gedir!) Sviyajska g\u0259tirir, sonra is\u0259 qul bazarlar\u0131nda sat\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Rus dvoryanlar\u0131 da \u0259sir ticar\u0259tind\u0259n \u0259n az\u0131 \u201cv\u0259h\u015fi\u201d kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verdikl\u0259ri kazanl\u0131 v\u0259 kr\u0131ml\u0131lar q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Yaddan \u00e7\u0131xarmayaq ki, Rusiyada insanlar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131b-sat\u0131lmas\u0131 XIX \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmi\u015fdi v\u0259\u00a0 bu bazar\u0131n \u201c\u0259mt\u0259\u0259 d\u00f6vriyy\u0259sind\u0259\u201d m\u00fcs\u0259lman torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 prosesind\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n h\u0259rbi \u0259sirl\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tuturdu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti demoqraflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259halisinin t\u0259n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259n Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc sakinl\u0259rin say\u0131 210 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n 140-150 min n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k \u00a0azalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 (\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri, yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi, bundan qat-qat art\u0131qd\u0131r), m\u0259rk\u0259zi rayonlarda, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi icma m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 ruslar m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 (guya bu yolla i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 administrasiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn t\u0259xribatlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131). Ke\u00e7mi\u015f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n arxiv s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 (bunlar\u0131n da \u00e7oxu rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ridir) qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f 700 k\u0259ndind\u0259n 206-s\u0131na v\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, viran qoyulmu\u015f daha 60 k\u0259nd\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259r yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bo\u015f qalan b\u00fct\u00fcn torpaqlar onlara paylan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u011faldan d\u0259rhal sonra Kazan \u0259silzad\u0259l\u0259ri zor g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 xristianla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131lar. El\u0259 ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259n istilan\u0131n mahiyy\u0259t\u00a0 \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin m\u0259hz dev\u015firm\u0259\u00e7ilik olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilirdi. Tezlikl\u0259 Makari h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin \u0259mri il\u0259 burada arxiyepiskop kafedras\u0131 t\u0259sis olundu v\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n ham\u0131l\u0131qla dinind\u0259n d\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar ba\u015fland\u0131. Sonradan arxiyepiskoplu\u011fun missiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cruhani y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u201d, \u201cf\u00fctuhat\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015f S.M.Solovyov n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 haql\u0131d\u0131r! H\u0259l\u0259 1536-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Moskvaya \u0259sir apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tatarlar\u0131n xristianla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Makari indi bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259ni Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z \u0259razisind\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirir, \u201cyaddinlil\u0259rin m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si\u201d niyy\u0259tini gizl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 l\u00fczum g\u00f6rm\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u0259scidl\u0259r da\u011f\u0131d\u0131l\u0131r, Qul \u015e\u0259rifd\u0259ki m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259 daxil olmaqla m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131 yerl\u0259 bir edilir, \u0130slam m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti abid\u0259l\u0259ri sistematik olaraq t\u0259qib v\u0259 t\u0259hqirl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qoyulur, t\u00fcrk sivilizasiyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn izl\u0259ri m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 silinirdi. Xan saray\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tli kils\u0259 Moskvan\u0131n h\u0259rbi-siyasi ehti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259li idi.<\/p>\n

Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman xalqlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259sl genosid t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015fdi. A\u011flas\u0131\u011fmaz anti-insani q\u0259ddarl\u0131q, fiziki i\u015fk\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, iqtisadi probleml\u0259r, sosial-psixoloji sars\u0131nt\u0131larla daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu m\u00fcdhi\u015f soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ar m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259tinin beyn\u0259lxalq n\u00fcfuzuna g\u00fccl\u00fc z\u0259rb\u0259 vurmu\u015f, sivil bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t kimi onun m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini daim t\u0259hdid etmi\u015fdir. N\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r quru v\u0259 sxematik olsa, n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hrifl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qoyulsa da i\u015f\u011fal statistikas\u0131n\u0131n mayas\u0131nda duran d\u0259rin faci\u0259vi ruh b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin siyasi simas\u0131n\u0131 qat\u0131 v\u0259 qara bir k\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Kazan q\u0259tliam\u0131 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f nadir etnosid hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u201cQon\u015fu etnoslar\u0131n m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0259razil\u0259ri z\u0259bt ed\u0259r\u0259k co\u011frafiyas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn etnik xarakterin\u0259 \u00e7evri\u0259n rus xalq\u0131\u201d (Nizami C\u0259f\u0259rov), onun m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi fikirli t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri d\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259, i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ehtiraslar\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n bel\u0259 bir b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri cinay\u0259tin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sini Qorxunc \u0130van hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 he\u00e7 vaxt ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, el\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259dir ki, i\u015f\u011faldan az sonra q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 eyforiyas\u0131ndan ay\u0131lan \u00e7ar ideoloqlar\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259ri d\u0259 yolverilm\u0259z cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin miqyas\u0131n\u0131 anlama\u011fa v\u0259 Kazanda ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259ra\u0259t qazand\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201c\u0259sas\u201dlar uydurma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u015fokdan bu yolla \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Akad. N.C\u0259f\u0259rovun \u201cMoskva \u0259traf\u0131nda formala\u015fmaqda olan yeni rus d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus manifesti\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKazan tarixi\u201d, yaxud \u201cKazan salnam\u0259si\u201dd\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259nhus niyy\u0259tin \u201cb\u0259dii\u201d ifad\u0259si kimi ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bir q\u0259d\u0259r yuxar\u0131da bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259n Kazan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n bir sitat g\u0259tirmi\u015fdik. O sitat da g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u201csalnam\u0259\u201d m\u00fc\u0259llifi (\u00e7ar \u00f6z\u00fc? Peresvetov? ba\u015fqa bir ideoloq?) inkar\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q x\u0259tti tutmay\u0131b, bunu he\u00e7 a\u011fl\u0131na da g\u0259tirmir. Onun niyy\u0259ti b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 \u201ch\u0259r c\u00fcr m\u0259n\u0259vi-\u0259xlaqi \u0259ndaz\u0259ni a\u015fan b\u00f6htan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q\u201ddan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 Kazanda t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 legitim s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 izah verm\u0259k, anla\u015f\u0131lan motivl\u0259rl\u0259 haqq qazand\u0131rmaqd\u0131r. El\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u201c\u0259s\u0259r\u201d ba\u015fdan-aya\u011fa ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 doludur.<\/p>\n

\u201cKazan tarixi\u201d i\u015f\u011fal d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l banal qisas\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q duy\u011fular\u0131na m\u00fcnc\u0259r etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir v\u0259 s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259\u00a0 ruslar\u0131n \u201cv\u0259h\u015fi\u201d tatarlar v\u0259 \u00e7eremisl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r: \u201cOnlar\u0131n (ruslar\u0131n-N.M.) \u00e7oxu barbarlara \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn evl\u0259rini kims\u0259nin aya\u011f\u0131 d\u0259ym\u0259y\u0259n yerl\u0259rd\u0259, d\u0259rin me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 tikir, \u00f6z arvad-u\u015faqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ma\u011faralarda v\u0259 da\u011flarda gizl\u0259nirdil\u0259r. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 evini, n\u0259slini v\u0259 tayfas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcb ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259sini v\u0259 yurdunu at\u0131b, barbarlardan uzaq yerl\u0259r\u0259, rus torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, bu xatir\u0259l\u0259r XV\u0130 \u0259sr\u0259, he\u00e7 XIII \u0259sr\u0259 d\u0259 yox, insanlar\u0131n ma\u011faralarda, da\u011flarda, me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259sk\u0259n sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzaq ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 (tatarlar q\u0259d\u0259r ruslar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olmu\u015f barbarl\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259) aiddir. N.C\u0259f\u0259rov m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u00fc haqq\u0131nda bel\u0259 yaz\u0131r: \u201c…rus-slavyanlar g\u00f6zl\u0259rini\u00a0 a\u00e7andan \u00f6zl\u0259rini t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin- poloves, pe\u00e7eneq, kuman adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 etnosun \u0259hat\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. V\u0259 tamamil\u0259 ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, q\u0259dim rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm etdiyi \u201cRus torpa\u011f\u0131\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 xeyli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtidir. Y\u0259ni, he\u00e7 olmasa, XI-XIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 onun real x\u0259rit\u0259sini t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k ona g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil ki, ruslarla t\u00fcrkl\u0259r, dem\u0259k olar, eyni co\u011frafiyada yan-yana, h\u0259tta b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u00e7-i\u00e7\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar\u201d. \u00a0Ayd\u0131n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir ki,\u00a0 Kazan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259min uzaq ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda hans\u0131sa \u0259laq\u0259 qurma\u011f\u0131n, ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q axtarma\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc absurddur. \u201cSalnam\u0259\u201d\u00a0 q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrd\u0259 tatar v\u0259 \u00e7eremisl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n (haql\u0131, ya haqs\u0131z!) \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ruslarla Moskva-Kazan qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259rbi \u0259sirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rlik i\u015far\u0259si qoyma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ki, normal m\u0259ntiql\u0259, bu, he\u00e7 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil (\u0259n az\u0131 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259sirl\u0259ri \u201ch\u0259rbi q\u0259nim\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d kateqoriyas\u0131na aid edilirdi). Bel\u0259likl\u0259, aradak\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 zaman f\u0259rqinin, Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda t\u0259lat\u00fcml\u0259rinin, xanl\u0131q yarand\u0131qdan sonra ba\u015f vermi\u015f qanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin, basq\u0131n xarakterli qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n- he\u00e7 olmam\u0131\u015f kimi- ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si v\u0259 bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 m\u0259tn\u0259 XV-XVI \u0259srin faktlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259tirilm\u0259si yaln\u0131z v\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259- oxucuda \u201cv\u0259h\u015fi tatarlar\u201d\u0131n g\u00fcnahs\u0131z rus \u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 z\u00fclm etm\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcrat\u0131 yaratma\u011fa hesablan\u0131b: \u201cKazanl\u0131lar m\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259kd\u0259n boyun qa\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ruslardan \u00e7\u0259kinir, onlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck sayda Kazanda qalmas\u0131na yol vermir, b\u00fct\u00fcn Kazan vilay\u0259tind\u0259 yaln\u0131z qad\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131zlar\u0131, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259ri saxlay\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, Kazan da Misir israillil\u0259rl\u0259 dolan kimi ruslarla dolmas\u0131n (???-N.M.), onlar\u0131n say\u0131 art\u0131b kazanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rini buradan s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131nlar. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar ruslar\u0131 xaricil\u0259r\u0259 sat\u0131r, bundan b\u00f6y\u00fck pullar \u0259ld\u0259 edib varlan\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d.\u00a0 Deyil\u0259nl\u0259r art\u0131q i\u015f\u011fal \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259ki v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259svirin\u0259 aiddir. Ard\u0131nca g\u0259l\u0259n c\u00fcml\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 bunun s\u00fcbutudur: \u201cPravoslav \u00e7ar v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck knyaz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131\u00a0 e\u015fid\u0259r\u0259k b\u0259rk k\u0259d\u0259rl\u0259nirdi: yaral\u0131 kimi i\u00e7ini at\u0259\u015f b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u00fcr\u0259yi yan\u0131rd\u0131, pravoslav xristianlar\u0131n d\u0259rdind\u0259n zar\u0131y\u0131r, kazanl\u0131lardan v\u0259 l\u0259n\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f \u00e7eremisl\u0259rd\u0259n nec\u0259 qisas almaq fikri bir an bel\u0259 onun beynind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131rd\u0131\u201d. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u00e7ar \u0130van, s\u0259n dem\u0259, tatar v\u0259 \u00e7eremisl\u0259r\u0259, Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ba\u015fqa xalqlara rus h\u0259rbi \u0259sirl\u0259rin intiqam\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qan uddurubmu\u015f! Yax\u015f\u0131 olmazd\u0131m\u0131 ki, qisas\u0131 adekvat \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 als\u0131n- kazanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn? \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, kimis\u0259 bu na\u011f\u0131llara inand\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fc? \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, yox!<\/p>\n

\u201cKazan tarixi\u201dnd\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar sezil\u0259n uydurmalar t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259sirl\u0259r motivi il\u0259 qurtarm\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 kazanl\u0131lar\u0131n guya ruslara boyun \u0259ym\u0259k, tabe olmaq ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri, lakin k\u0259nardan g\u0259l\u0259n \u201cyadelli\u201dl\u0259rin buna imkan verm\u0259dikl\u0259ri tez-tez t\u0259krarlan\u0131r, lakin h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259kzib edilir. M\u0259lik\u0259 Suyumbik\u0259nin (\u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cS\u00fcmb\u00fck\u0259\u201d) naib\u0259liyi d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oxuyuruq: \u201cYaln\u0131z bir n\u0259f\u0259r onu d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir, onunla birg\u0259 Kazan\u0131 q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qorumaq, onu Moskva \u00e7ar\u0131 v\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck knyaz\u0131na t\u0259slim etm\u0259m\u0259k \u0259zmind\u0259 idi. Bu, \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tli v\u0259 q\u0259ddar, b\u00fct\u00fcn Kazan zad\u0259ganlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qorxmaz voyevoda kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f Ko\u015fak (bizim art\u0131q yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ko\u015f\u00e7ak-Qo\u00e7aq n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur-N.M.) idi. Rusa qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fma\u011fa g\u0259lmi\u015f kr\u0131ml\u0131lar, noqaylar v\u0259 dig\u0259r xalqlar da ona qo\u015fulmu\u015fdular. Kazanl\u0131larsa d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u0259zmind\u0259 deyildil\u0259r. Onlar: \u201c\u0130ndi biz ruslar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tirm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda deyilik, \u00e7\u00fcnki t\u0259lim ke\u00e7m\u0259mi\u015fik v\u0259 g\u00fccs\u00fcz\u00fck\u201d,- deyirdil\u0259r. Aralar\u0131na nifaq d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, \u00fcmumi bir fikr\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259dil\u0259r\u201d. M\u0259qs\u0259d ayd\u0131nd\u0131r: Kazan faci\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti \u201cg\u0259lm\u0259\u201dl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 atmaq, eyni zamanda g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 Noqay Ordas\u0131n\u0131n, Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideoloji \u201c\u0259sas\u201d yaratmaq v\u0259 \u00a0m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259k. Ox\u015far motivd\u0259n Yadigar xandan b\u0259hs edil\u0259n hiss\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.\u00a0 Lakin burada q\u0259rib\u0259 bir yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 rastla\u015f\u0131r\u0131q. Yuxar\u0131da guya kazanl\u0131lar t\u0259slim olmaq ist\u0259yir, Suyumbik\u0259 v\u0259 Ko\u015f\u00e7ak buna qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Burada is\u0259 deyilir ki, guya \u201cKazan \u00e7ar\u0131 (Yadigar xan n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur-N.M.) Moskva h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n \u015firin v\u0259 qorxulu s\u00f6zl\u0259rini e\u015fidib b\u0259rk qorxdu v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 onun \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131b k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259slim olmaq ist\u0259di. Ancaq n\u0259 xo\u015fluqla, n\u0259 d\u0259 qorxunc h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 kazanl\u0131lar\u0131 yola g\u0259tir\u0259 v\u0259 fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ra bilm\u0259di. \u00c7\u00fcnki h\u0259l\u0259 cavan oldu\u011fundan v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ad\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ar \u015eiqaley (\u015eah\u0259li n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur-N.M.) kimi onlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir g\u00fcc\u0259 malik deyildi. Kazanl\u0131lar \u00e7ar\u0131n xeyirxah m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tin\u0259 qulaq asmad\u0131lar v\u0259 s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259l qoymad\u0131lar. \u00c7ar (\u0259ks\u0259r rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u201c\u00e7ar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc siyasi termin olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 bildirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259dilir. M\u0259s., \u201c\u00e7ar \u0130van\u201d dedikd\u0259 \u201cMoskva \u00e7ar\u0131\u201dn\u0131, \u201c\u00e7ar \u015eiqaley\u201d dedikd\u0259 \u015eah\u0259li xan n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Burada is\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259t \u201cKazan \u00e7ar\u0131\u201dndan, y\u0259ni, Yadigar xandan gedir-N.M.) t\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fc g\u0259l\u0259n el\u00e7il\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 xahi\u015f etm\u0259k ist\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, onu buraxmad\u0131lar. Kazanl\u0131lar ondan \u00e7ox knyaz \u00c7apkunu e\u015fidib, \u00e7ar kimi ona tabe oldular. H\u00f6kmdar\u0131n el\u00e7il\u0259rini \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n qovub ab\u0131rdan sald\u0131lar. Onun q\u0259lbini yaralayaraq v\u0259 l\u0259rz\u0259y\u0259 salaraq m\u0259\u011frurcas\u0131na \u00f6y\u00fcnd\u00fcl\u0259r: \u201cMoskva \u00e7ar\u0131, e\u015fit v\u0259 bil ki, bu s\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7ar\u0131n v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn kazanl\u0131lar\u0131n cavab\u0131d\u0131r: \u00f6z qanunlar\u0131m\u0131z, dinimiz, ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rimiz u\u011frunda qad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z v\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131m\u0131zla birg\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259k, do\u011fuldu\u011fumuz, b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz v\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, \u00f6z \u00e7arlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131q etdiyi, ulanlar\u0131n, knyazlar\u0131n v\u0259 murzalar\u0131n (bu t\u0259birl\u0259r ruslarda \u201co\u011flan\u201d, \u201cb\u0259y\u201d, \u201cmirz\u0259\u201d terminl\u0259rini \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259yir- N.M.) idar\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri s\u0259n\u0259 verm\u0259kd\u0259n qat-qat yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r!\u201d. B\u0259li, bu passaj, yuxar\u0131dak\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259, Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259halisinin i\u015f\u011fala v\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131ya m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini do\u011fru-d\u00fczg\u00fcn ifad\u0259 edir. Yadigar xanla ba\u011fl\u0131 deyil\u0259nl\u0259r is\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ikitir\u0259liyin, hakimiyy\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011funun olmas\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tini formala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa xidm\u0259t edir: y\u0259ni, xalq hakimiyy\u0259tin h\u0259qiqi suvereni olan Yadigar xan\u0131n yox, \u00c7apkun b\u0259yin dediyi il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edib, bu is\u0259 legitim hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 q\u0259sddir v\u0259 bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 \u00e7ar qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n yerli \u0259haliy\u0259 daha s\u0259rt davranmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 h\u00fcquqi \u201c\u0259sas\u201d yaran\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 bu m\u00fclahiz\u0259, \u0259sir al\u0131nana q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259lind\u0259 q\u0131l\u0131nc h\u0259qiqi xan kimi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259n Yadigar\u0131 da, do\u011fma \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n tapda\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn canlar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7mi\u015f dig\u0259r m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259k dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Kazan xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi \u0259qid\u0259sind\u0259n sona q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6nm\u0259mi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u201cKazan tarixi\u201dnd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi nifr\u0259tl\u0259 dam\u011falan\u0131r v\u0259 bu da \u0259s\u0259rin ideoloji missiyas\u0131na tam m\u00fcvafiqdir. Suyumbik\u0259 v\u0259 Ko\u015f\u00e7ak\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259tirl\u0259r buna bariz\u00a0 misald\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7ar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra (Kazan xan\u0131 S\u0259fa Girey n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur-N.M.) \u00e7ari\u00e7a il\u0259 Ko\u015fak\u0131n gizli m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t ya\u015famalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 \u015fahzad\u0259 Ko\u015fak\u0131n \u00f6z arvad\u0131na x\u0259yan\u0259tind\u0259n t\u0259kc\u0259 kazanl\u0131lar x\u0259b\u0259rdar deyildil\u0259r; bunu Moskvada da, dig\u0259r ordalarda da bilirdil\u0259r. \u018fn bet\u0259ri bu idi ki, o, g\u0259nc \u015fahzad\u0259ni (r\u0259smi xan \u00d6t\u0259mi\u015f Girey n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur- N.M.), el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 onun qanunsuz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini q\u0131nayan b\u00fct\u00fcn Kazan zad\u0259ganlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcb, \u00e7ari\u00e7a il\u0259 evl\u0259nm\u0259k v\u0259 Kazanda hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 idi\u201d. Uzun-uzad\u0131 \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r\u0259 varmadan q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, \u201cKazan salnam\u0259\u00e7isi\u201d bu s\u0259tirl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sind\u0259n, \u00c7ingiz yasalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t h\u00fcququndan bix\u0259b\u0259rliyini fa\u015f etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259r \u015fey bir t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259, Suyumbik\u0259 Kazan m\u0259lik\u0259si, Gireyl\u0259r xan\u0259dan\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259lini, Noqay \u0259mirinin q\u0131z\u0131, Ko\u015f\u00e7ak is\u0259 Kr\u0131m \u015fahzad\u0259si (o\u011flan) idi. V\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r bel\u0259 bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f olsayd\u0131, bir yox, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin (Kazan v\u0259 Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n, Noqay Ordas\u0131n\u0131n) \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti k\u0259ra\u00e7i b\u0259yl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015euras\u0131nda m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilm\u0259li, m\u00fctl\u0259q t\u0259xir\u0259sal\u0131nmadan g\u00fcnahkarlar bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00f6km\u00fc \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmal\u0131 idi! Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n tarixd\u0259n m\u0259lumdur ki, i\u015f\u011faldan az sonra rus \u00e7ar\u0131 IV \u0130van\u0131n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 Suyumbik\u0259 Qas\u0131mov xan\u0131 \u015eir\u0259li (rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015eiqaley) il\u0259 evl\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdi. \u018fg\u0259r Ko\u015f\u00e7akla bel\u0259 bir yax\u0131nl\u0131q h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n olmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ad \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015f \u015eir\u0259li bu nigaha raz\u0131l\u0131q ver\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, \u015eir\u0259linin Suyumbik\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6z qoymas\u0131na v\u0259 nigah fikrinin m\u0259hz Kazan \u0259yanlar\u0131ndan (bunlar is\u0259 yaln\u0131z D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri- q\u00fcdr\u0259tli tayfa ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ola bil\u0259rdi, qalan \u0259yanlar m\u0259lik\u0259 il\u0259 bu bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa c\u0259sar\u0259t ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r) g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 \u201cSalnam\u0259\u201dd\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 vurulur: \u201c\u015eahzad\u0259 Ko\u015fak Kazandan qa\u00e7andan sonra z\u0259ngin Kazan \u0259yanlar\u0131 \u00e7ari\u00e7an\u0131n yan\u0131na t\u0259\u015frif buyuraraq dedil\u0259r: \u201c\u00c7ari\u00e7a, biz n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k taleyimiz bar\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u0259n? Bizi b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bu k\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259 d\u0259rdl\u0259rd\u0259n n\u0259 vaxt qurtulaca\u011f\u0131q? Zira s\u0259nin \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 s\u0259ninl\u0259 bizim hakimiyy\u0259timizin sonu g\u0259lmi\u015fdir… G\u0259lin \u00f6z q\u00fcrurumuzu v\u0259 yek\u0259xanal\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 h\u0259limlik v\u0259 t\u0259vaz\u00f6 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259yib b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131ls\u0131z niyy\u0259tl\u0259rimizd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259k\u0259k, ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 etdiyimiz g\u00fcnahlara, Kazanda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 oldu\u011fumuza g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7ar \u015eiqaleyd\u0259n bizi ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 xahi\u015f ed\u0259k. Qoy o s\u0259ni t\u0259\u015f\u0259xx\u00fcsd\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131rmas\u0131n, ac\u0131 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n k\u00f6l\u0259 kimi yox, m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n bir \u00e7ari\u00e7a qismind\u0259 q\u0259bul el\u0259sin, qoy \u00fcr\u0259yi yum\u015fals\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn voyevodalar da ona ita\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rsinl\u0259r\u201d. Suyumbik\u0259 is\u0259 guya \u00fczd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 o\u011flunu xilas etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu fikr\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q vers\u0259 d\u0259, \u015eah\u0259lini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k yolunu se\u00e7ir. \u201cKazan tarix\u201din\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259,) \u0259vv\u0259l \u201c\u00e7ara b\u0259zi s\u0259mimi h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc z\u0259h\u0259r qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yem\u0259k v\u0259 i\u00e7ki\u201d, sonra is\u0259 \u201c\u00f6z \u0259lil\u0259 tikilmi\u015f z\u0259h\u0259rli k\u00f6yn\u0259k\u201d g\u00f6nd\u0259rir, lakin \u015eah\u0259li ehtiyatl\u0131 t\u0259rp\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k sui-q\u0259sd c\u0259hdl\u0259rind\u0259n qurtulur. \u018fslind\u0259 bu fraqmentl\u0259r d\u0259 uydurmadan ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyil (\u0259ks t\u0259qdird\u0259 \u015eah\u0259li onu q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirm\u0259k ist\u0259mi\u015f bir qad\u0131nla evl\u0259nm\u0259zdi) v\u0259 yaln\u0131z Suyumbik\u0259 v\u0259 \u00d6t\u0259mi\u015fin hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n devrilm\u0259sin\u0259 haqq qazand\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uydurulub. Amma h\u0259r nec\u0259 olsa da, Suyumbik\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda V\u0259t\u0259ninin azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011frunda c\u0259sar\u0259tli add\u0131mlar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bel\u0259 q\u0131rpmadan n\u0259inki \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, h\u0259m d\u0259 azya\u015fl\u0131 o\u011flunu t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259y\u0259 atmaqdan \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259y\u0259n bir Kazan v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259ri kimi canlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eyni s\u00f6zl\u0259ri o\u011flan Ko\u015fak\/Qo\u00e7aq haqq\u0131nda da dey\u0259 bilirik. Onun sonrak\u0131 aqib\u0259tini\u00a0 \u201cSalnam\u0259\u201d m\u00fc\u0259llifi bel\u0259 n\u0259ql edir: \u201cO is\u0259 Kazanda ya\u015fayan bir \u00e7ox barbar\u0131, qarda\u015f\u0131n\u0131, arvad\u0131n\u0131, iki o\u011flunu, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 var-d\u00f6vl\u0259ti g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb gec\u0259 yar\u0131s\u0131 aradan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 v\u0259 el\u0259 bir t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcrat yaratd\u0131 ki, guya qa\u00e7m\u0131r, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qo\u015fun toplay\u0131r. Kazanl\u0131lar is\u0259 onun qa\u00e7mas\u0131 g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bunu \u00e7ar \u015eiqaley\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r verdil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki yadelli olaraq onun Kazana hakim olmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r. \u00c7ar voyevoda \u0130van \u015eeremetovu y\u00fcng\u00fclc\u0259 silahlanm\u0131\u015f on min qo\u015funla Ko\u015fak\u0131 t\u0259qib etm\u0259y\u0259 yollad\u0131. Bu barbar\u0131 v\u0259h\u015fi heyvan kimi z\u0259ncirl\u0259yib l\u0259yaq\u0259tsiz bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00e7arl\u0131q ed\u0259n Moskva \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259tirdil\u0259r. O xo\u015fluqla tabe olmaq ist\u0259mirdi, onun ist\u0259yin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, Allah onu ruslar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. H\u00f6kmdar\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 ondan xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul edib \u00e7ara xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k arzusunda olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fdular. Bunu q\u0259bul ed\u0259rs\u0259, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 sa\u011f qalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdil\u0259r. O is\u0259 \u00e7ar\u0131n k\u00f6l\u0259si olma\u011fa raz\u0131l\u0131q vers\u0259 d\u0259, xa\u00e7 suyuna \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259k fikrini yax\u0131na bel\u0259 buraxmad\u0131 v\u0259 ona r\u0259hm edilm\u0259sini ist\u0259m\u0259di. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn m\u0259hb\u0259sd\u0259 saxlan\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra onu v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn barbarlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 yox, bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f x\u00fcsusi yerd\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r. Ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0259mudla \u0259zdil\u0259r. Arvad\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 iki o\u011flunu xa\u00e7 suyuna sal\u0131b pravoslav dinini q\u0259bul etdirdil\u0259r. Allah\u0131n\u0131 sev\u0259n \u00e7ari\u00e7a Ko\u015fak\u0131n arvad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z saray\u0131na g\u0259tirdi. Ko\u015fak\u0131n iki o\u011flunu \u00e7ar v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck knyaz \u00f6z q\u0259srin\u0259 ald\u0131 v\u0259 onlara rus dilind\u0259 savad verdi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nec\u0259 dey\u0259rl\u0259r, \u015f\u0259rh\u0259 ehtiyac qalm\u0131r. \u201cKazan salnam\u0259si\u201d \u00f6z\u00fc-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc if\u015fa edir!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259n s\u00f6z d\u00fc\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda h\u0259l\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n ortaya at\u0131lan v\u0259 sonradan ictimai r\u0259y\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc siray\u0259t etmi\u015f bir fikri d\u0259 xat\u0131rlatmadan ke\u00e7\u0259 bilm\u0259rik. T.V\u0259lixanl\u0131 \u201cRus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixi. Birinci hiss\u0259. Q\u0259dim v\u0259 XVIII \u0259sr rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 d\u0259rs v\u0259saitind\u0259 yaz\u0131r: \u201cKazan tarixi\u201dni maraql\u0131 ed\u0259n c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 odur ki, bu \u0259s\u0259r \u201cVladimir knyazlar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n hekay\u0259t\u201dd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq rus tarixinin Avrasiya konsepsiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259min yarad\u0131r. Bu geni\u015fh\u0259cmli povestd\u0259n M\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f Moskva Rus D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin uydurma imperiya v\u0259 s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rin deyil, m\u0259hz \u00c7ingizxan\u0131n B\u00f6y\u00fck Monqol \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n varisi kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdiyini v\u0259 onun t\u00fcrk-tatar xanlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi-siyasi d\u0259st\u0259yi, t\u00fcrk-tatar xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman-zaman B\u00f6y\u00fck Moskva Knyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na qat\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si ideyas\u0131 hasil olur\u201d. Polemikaya girm\u0259d\u0259n, dey\u0259 bili\u0259rik ki, \u0259g\u0259r rus tarixinin Avrasiya konsepsiyas\u0131 bel\u0259 b\u0259sit v\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tli t\u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015fsa, bu konsepsiyadan n\u0259 elmi, n\u0259 tarixi, n\u0259 d\u0259 ictimai-siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc m\u00fcsb\u0259t he\u00e7 n\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259yin\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z…<\/p>\n

Son olaraq. Kazan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 v\u0259 ram edilm\u0259si t\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda tarixin sonrak\u0131 gedi\u015fin\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, Moskva Rusiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259z tarixi-siyasi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 vacib m\u0259qam\u0131 vur\u011fulayas\u0131 olsaq, Kazan\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7arizmin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 strategiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015f, Rusiya qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u0259m \u00fcz\u00fcyuxar\u0131 (Sibir), h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 (Qafqaz) istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f quru v\u0259 su yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n Ural da\u011flar\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ba\u015fq\u0131rdlar v\u0259 Sibir tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir qismi Moskvaya tabe\u00e7iliyi q\u0259bul etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, xarici siyas\u0259td\u0259 imperialist t\u0259may\u00fcl g\u00fccl\u0259nib, dominantl\u0131q qazanm\u0131\u015f, Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordadan t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin istila edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Kazan olduqca \u0259lveri\u015fli bir platsdarma \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, Rusiyada Qorxunc \u0130vandan ba\u015flayaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ar v\u0259 monarxlar Kazan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin siyasi intibah\u0131n\u0131n fundamenti, rus tarixinin m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259si kimi daim y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u0130van Vasilyevi\u00e7in knyaz Kurbskiy\u0259 m\u0259ktubundan daha bir misal. \u00c7ar m\u0259ktublar\u0131n\u0131n birini bel\u0259 bir sonluqla bitirir: \u201c7086-c\u0131 ild\u0259 (1577), hakimiyy\u0259timizin 43-c\u00fc ilind\u0259, Rusiya \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 31-ci ilind\u0259, Kazan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin 25-ci ilind\u0259, H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin 24-c\u00fc ilind\u0259 \u0259yal\u0259timiz olan Livon \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259, Volmer \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u201d. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, rus \u00e7ar\u0131 Kazan\u0131n v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck nailiyy\u0259ti, bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 ir\u0259li gets\u0259k, vizit kart\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul etdiyini \u00f6z \u0259li il\u0259 tarix\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu hadis\u0259 ictimai fikird\u0259 rus silah\u0131n\u0131n ilk z\u0259f\u0259r r\u0259mzi kimi \u0259b\u0259dil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f, onun \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 Moskvada Q\u0131z\u0131l Meydanda Vasili Blajenn\u0131 kils\u0259si in\u015fa olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arizmin \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 Kazana sonralar da m\u0259rk\u0259zi yer ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Rusiyada elmi \u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, t\u00fcrkologiyan\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 burada ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcrk-\u0130slam xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n rusla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f plan v\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 burada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 buradan yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. N\u0259hay\u0259t, \u201cmin il \u0259rzind\u0259 Okan\u0131n t\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc yerd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq \u201ct\u00fcrk n\u0259hri\u201d olmu\u015f Volqa \u00e7ay\u0131\u201d (D\u0259mir) XVI \u0259srd\u0259n\u00a0 Rusiya iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n qan damar\u0131 rolunu oynam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6lk\u0259ni beyn\u0259lxalq ticar\u0259t sisteminin m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ARDI VAR<\/em><\/p>\n

N.MUSTAFA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7AR\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u011eAL\u00c7ILIQ S\u0130YAS\u018fT\u0130 \u00dcMUMT\u00dcRK TAR\u0130X\u0130 KONTEKST\u0130ND\u018f – Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda v\u0259 ondan t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 tatar xanl\u0131qlar\u0131 (tarixi-etnoqrafik o\u00e7erkl\u0259r) K\u00a0 A\u00a0 Z\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0 L\u00a0 I\u00a0 \u011e\u00a0 I Noqay Ordas\u0131nda, Kr\u0131m, qism\u0259n d\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xanl\u0131qlar\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0130slam x\u0259lif\u0259sinin d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Osmanl\u0131da 1550-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n Kazan\u0131n istila olunmas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda v\u0259 birlikd\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. H\u0259l\u0259 1551-ci ild\u0259 rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccumu \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n el\u00e7il\u0259ri Taq\u0131zek\u015fi v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d cavu\u015f Noqay Ordas\u0131nda olmu\u015f, Yusuf Mirz\u0259 il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Kazan\u0131 Yusuf Mirz\u0259nin q\u0131z\u0131 Suyumbik\u0259 idar\u0259 edirdi. \u0130lya Zaytsev dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda Kazana…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":512586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499-660x365.jpg",660,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499-840x465.jpg",640,354,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b4df9f49166300295912206786510012499.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"G\u00fcnd\u0259m<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u00c7AR\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u011eAL\u00c7ILIQ S\u0130YAS\u018fT\u0130 \u00dcMUMT\u00dcRK TAR\u0130X\u0130 KONTEKST\u0130ND\u018f – Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda v\u0259 ondan t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 tatar xanl\u0131qlar\u0131 (tarixi-etnoqrafik o\u00e7erkl\u0259r) K\u00a0 A\u00a0 Z\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00a0 A\u00a0 N\u00a0 L\u00a0 I\u00a0 \u011e\u00a0 I Noqay Ordas\u0131nda, Kr\u0131m, qism\u0259n d\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan xanl\u0131qlar\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0130slam x\u0259lif\u0259sinin d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Osmanl\u0131da 1550-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n Kazan\u0131n istila olunmas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda v\u0259 birlikd\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. H\u0259l\u0259 1551-ci ild\u0259…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512585"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=512585"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512585\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/512586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=512585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=512585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=512585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}