Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar \u015f\u0259xsi b\u0259z\u0259k v\u0259 amulet kimi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 dini v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, memarl\u0131qda b\u0259z\u0259k kimi geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar bir \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n sehrli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011funa, sahibl\u0259rin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qorunma v\u0259 g\u00fcc verdikl\u0259rin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Planetin \u0259n bahal\u0131 materiallar\u0131ndan olan bu minerallara daha yax\u0131ndan baxmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldik v\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar haqq\u0131nda \u0259n maraql\u0131 faktlar\u0131 toplad\u0131q: \u0130nsanlar uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t onlar\u0131 s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, buna yaln\u0131z 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 nail olunub. M\u0259hz 1817-ci ild\u0259 frans\u0131z kimya\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Auquste Viktor Luis Verneuil iki ki\u00e7ik yaqutu birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k ilk yaqutu \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bildi.<\/p>\n
Lakin sintetik yaqut istehsal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk kommersiya \u00fcsulu daha sonralar haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun istehsal \u00fcsulu Verneuil \u00fcsulu adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Metod inc\u0259 al\u00fcminium tozunun hidrogen-oksigen odunun at\u0259\u015find\u0259 \u0259ridilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r (h\u0259m yaqut, h\u0259m d\u0259 sapfir \u0259sas\u0259n al\u00fcminium oksidi Al2O3-d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir), bundan sonra \u0259rinmi\u015f damc\u0131lar b\u0259rkiyib kristal \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyada 3500-\u0259 yax\u0131n mineral n\u00f6v\u00fc olsa da, yaln\u0131z az bir hiss\u0259si qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 malikdir. Qiym\u0259tli adland\u0131r\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u0259llik, unikall\u0131q, nadirlik v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131q kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n
Sonuncu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259, mineral\u0131n s\u0259rtliyi Moos \u015fkalas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 7-10 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Minerallar\u0131n \u00fcmumi say\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z 70-i b\u00fct\u00fcn 4 meyara cavab verir. Bunlardan 15-i \u0259n populyard\u0131r: almaz, sapfir, z\u00fcmr\u00fcd, yaqut, beril, opal, jade, xrizoberil, topaz, turmalin, kvars, firuz\u0259, qranat, sirkon v\u0259 olivin.<\/p>\n
\u018fn s\u0259rt qiym\u0259tli da\u015f almazd\u0131r. (Mohs \u015fkalas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 10 bal). Almazdan ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 bir t\u0259bii qiym\u0259tli minerala 10 bal verilm\u0259yib. \u0130kinci yerd\u0259 Mohs \u015fkalas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 9 bal alan yaqut v\u0259 sapfirdir.<\/p>\n
Almaz \u0259n s\u0259rt statusundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u0259n soyuq qiym\u0259tli da\u015f statusuna da malikdir. Almaz b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259rk cisiml\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k istilik ke\u00e7iriciliyin\u0259 malikdir (900-2300 W) v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 tez istilik verir. Dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 soyuq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u018fn bahal\u0131 da\u015f q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 almazd\u0131r. \u018fks\u0259r q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 almazlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc yar\u0131m karatdan \u00e7ox olmur.\u00a0 Almaz\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri bir karat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1 milyon avro t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu qiym\u0259t mineral\u0131n nadir olmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyada t\u0259xmin\u0259n 30 \u0259d\u0259d q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 brilyant var.<\/p>\n
Almaz yaln\u0131z bir kimy\u0259vi elementd\u0259n – karbondan ibar\u0259t yegan\u0259 qiym\u0259tli da\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti minerallard\u0131r, lakin b\u0259zil\u0259ri, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 mirvari v\u0259 k\u0259hr\u0259ba \u00fczvi madd\u0259l\u0259rdir. Y\u0259ni onlar\u0131 canl\u0131 orqanizml\u0259r yarad\u0131r. \u018fslind\u0259 mineral Yerd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, mirvaril\u0259r tam olaraq “\u0259sl” qiym\u0259tli da\u015f deyil. Eyni \u015fey a\u011fac qatran\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yaranan k\u0259hr\u0259baya da aiddir. Buna baxmayaraq, min ill\u0259rdir insanlar k\u0259hr\u0259ba v\u0259 mirvarini mineral olmasa da, qiym\u0259tli da\u015f hesab edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Gemmologiya bir elm kimi ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131b (da\u015flar haqq\u0131nda elm, qiym\u0259tli v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259k da\u015flar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n m\u0259cmusu). O vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r bir \u00e7ox insanlar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259ffaf q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 da\u015flar\u0131 yaqut, mavi olanlar\u0131 sapfir, ya\u015f\u0131l olanlar\u0131 is\u0259 z\u00fcmr\u00fcd hesab edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
M\u0259lumdur ki, q\u0259dim misirlil\u0259r peridot v\u0259 z\u00fcmr\u00fcd kimi ya\u015f\u0131l da\u015flara \u00e7ox d\u0259y\u0259r verirdil\u0259r. Lakin Kleopatran\u0131n peridotlara olan sevgisi haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox adam bilmir. Peridotlar onun sevimli zin\u0259t \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n
Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 3000-ci il\u0259 aid \u015fumer m\u0259zar\u0131nda tap\u0131lan \u0259n q\u0259dim dol\u00e7an\u0131n borusu q\u0131z\u0131ldan idi, \u00fcz\u0259ri is\u0259 mavi lazuli da\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n
Astrologiyada qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif astroloji i\u015far\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, mavi sapfir Saturnun \u0259sas incisi hesab olunur, almaz Veneran\u0131n da\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, mirvari Ay\u0131n, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 m\u0259rcan Mars\u0131n v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n
Q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 yunanlar v\u0259 romal\u0131lar almaz\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 oldu\u011funa v\u0259 onlar\u0131n par\u0131ldayan ulduzlar\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r ametist \u00e7ox nadir v\u0259 bahal\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Aliml\u0259r Braziliyada bu da\u015flar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck yataqlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fkar ed\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r. \u0130ndiki vaxtda ametistin statusu azal\u0131b v\u0259 o, yar\u0131 qiym\u0259tli da\u015f hesab olunur.<\/p>\n
Z\u0259rg\u0259rlikd\u0259n ba\u015fqa almaz m\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 neft qazma i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin qiym\u0259tli v\u0259 yar\u0131 qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131n onlara m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n forma verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0259silm\u0259sinin texnoloji prosesind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur, \u00e7\u00fcnki s\u0259rtliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 bir materialla \u0259v\u0259z edil\u0259 bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n
M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, almaz 3 milyard ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259l Yerin d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lib. Sapfir is\u0259 c\u0259mi 150 milyon il \u0259vv\u0259l \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n daha g\u0259nc da\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1632-ci ild\u0259 Mo\u011fol \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n pad\u015fah\u0131 olan Tamerlan\u0131n n\u0259slind\u0259n olan \u015eah Cahan\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur Tac Mahal tikildi. O, bunu on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6vlad\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259tir\u0259rk\u0259n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcmtaz Mahal\u0131n xatir\u0259sin\u0259 tikdirib. Bu m\u0259scidin divarlar\u0131 28 n\u00f6v qiym\u0259tli da\u015fla b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015fdi, 1857-ci ild\u0259 Hindistan \u00fcsyan\u0131 zaman\u0131 ham\u0131s\u0131 o\u011furlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar \u015f\u0259xsi b\u0259z\u0259k v\u0259 amulet kimi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 dini v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, memarl\u0131qda b\u0259z\u0259k kimi geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar bir \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n sehrli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011funa, sahibl\u0259rin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qorunma v\u0259 g\u00fcc verdikl\u0259rin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar. Planetin \u0259n bahal\u0131 materiallar\u0131ndan olan bu minerallara daha yax\u0131ndan baxmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldik v\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar haqq\u0131nda \u0259n maraql\u0131 faktlar\u0131 toplad\u0131q: \u0130nsanlar uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t onlar\u0131 s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, buna yaln\u0131z 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 nail olunub. M\u0259hz 1817-ci ild\u0259 frans\u0131z kimya\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Auquste Viktor…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":540610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"gutentor_comment":0,"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272-500x280.jpg",500,280,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272-660x365.jpg",660,365,true],"large":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272-840x465.jpg",640,354,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272-240x172.jpg",240,172,true],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/arantv.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/d210cf37166991108871995611710463272.jpg",975,540,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"V\u00fcsal Rafiqo\u011flu","author_link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?author=2"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Maraql\u0131<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar \u015f\u0259xsi b\u0259z\u0259k v\u0259 amulet kimi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 dini v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, memarl\u0131qda b\u0259z\u0259k kimi geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar bir \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli da\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n sehrli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011funa, sahibl\u0259rin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qorunma v\u0259 g\u00fcc verdikl\u0259rin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar. Planetin \u0259n bahal\u0131 materiallar\u0131ndan olan bu minerallara daha…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=540609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540609\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/540610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=540609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=540609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=540609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}