B\u0259s X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin bu q\u0259d\u0259r enm\u0259si n\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r? Bu, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 hans\u0131 f\u0259sadlara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r?<\/p>\n
M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0Oxu.Az-\u0131n suallar\u0131n\u0131 Co\u011frafiya \u0130nstitutunun \u201cX\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin sahill\u0259rinin v\u0259 dibinin\u00a0 geomorfologiyas\u0131\u201d \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri, co\u011frafiya elml\u0259ri doktoru, professor\u00a0\u018fmir \u018fliyev<\/strong>\u00a0cavabland\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n O bildirib ki, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi canl\u0131 orqanizmdir v\u0259 su balans\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, d\u0259nizd\u0259n ged\u0259n v\u0259 d\u0259nizin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n balans\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259lidir:<\/p>\n \u201cD\u0259nizd\u0259n ged\u0259n su dey\u0259nd\u0259 buxarlanma n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Buxarlanan su il\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n su s\u0259viyy\u0259si aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq var. G\u0259l\u0259n su \u00e7oxdursa, d\u0259nizin s\u0259viyy\u0259si qalx\u0131r, buxarlanma \u00e7oxdursa, s\u0259viyy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Haz\u0131rda X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin enm\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00f6rd min ild\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rin sahilind\u0259 arxeoloji, co\u011frafi v\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn dig\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn tarixi faktlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, burada d\u00f6vrilik var. Bel\u0259 ki, 250 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259 qalx\u0131r, 250 ild\u0259n sonra is\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Sonuncu d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u00f6vr 1805-1806-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilib. X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin enm\u0259si 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259c\u0259k. Sad\u0259c\u0259, qeyd edim ki, son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 bu proses bir q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nib. Suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin enm\u0259si 1995-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131b v\u0259 il \u0259rzind\u0259 18-20 sm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. 1995-ci ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 bu g\u00fcn X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si iki metr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb. Bu proses n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 sahild\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz neqativ hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n 1977-ci ild\u0259n 1995-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin suyu 2,5 metr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qalxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259ki torpaqlar\u0131n 50 min hektar\u0131 suyun alt\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu zaman k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata d\u0259y\u0259n ziyan iki milyard AB\u015e dollar\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 idi. Suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 35 min ha torpaq suyun alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Lakin bu torpaqlar \u015foran oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259kin\u0259 yararl\u0131 deyil\u201d.<\/p>\n Professor qeyd edib ki, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin bel\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259ki bal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 g\u0259mil\u0259r\u0259, neft-qaz\u00e7\u0131xarma i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 ciddi ziyan vuracaq:<\/p>\n \u201cBal\u0131qlar\u0131n ya\u015fama areallar\u0131 ciddi formada pozulacaq. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 g\u0259mil\u0259rin platformalara yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yaranacaq.<\/p>\n Bundan ba\u015fqa, K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131nda da suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si xeyli azal\u0131b. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u00e7aylarda suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi X\u0259z\u0259r h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. X\u0259z\u0259rin h\u00f6vz\u0259si t\u0259xmin\u0259n 3,5 milyon kvadratkilometrdir. Bu, X\u0259z\u0259rin \u00f6z sah\u0259sind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 10-12 d\u0259f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Bu \u0259razid\u0259 qlobal iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131 azal\u0131r v\u0259 onlar da \u00e7ay sular\u0131n\u0131 azald\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar da \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 qlobal prosesl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar deyil. \u018fg\u0259r h\u0259min h\u00f6vz\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 siklonlar\u0131n say\u0131 \u00e7oxal\u0131rsa, onda ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ox, antisiklon olursa, az olur. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si daim d\u0259yi\u015fir.<\/p>\n Tarix\u0259 baxsaq, X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si 15 min il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l 80 metr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qalx\u0131b, \u0259traf \u0259razi su alt\u0131nda qal\u0131b. 5-6-c\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd qalas\u0131n\u0131n tikilm\u0259si vaxt\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olub. Bundan ba\u015fqa, 12-ci \u0259srd\u0259 bizim S\u0259bail qalas\u0131 suyun alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si 1780-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r qalxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, Q\u0131z qalas\u0131n\u0131n divarlar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r su vard\u0131. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Bak\u0131xanov da \u00f6z xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bax bel\u0259 prosesl\u0259r gedib. Amma son ill\u0259rd\u0259ki enm\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7ox s\u00fcr\u0259tli gedir. X\u0259z\u0259rin qurulu\u015fu el\u0259dir ki, suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si n\u0259 \u00e7ox qalxa, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox en\u0259 bil\u0259r. Son 200 ild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 amplitudas\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 3,5 metr aras\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fir. B\u0259zi fikirl\u0259r var ki, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si 18 metr\u0259, 9 metr\u0259 \u00e7atacaq. X\u0259z\u0259rin real v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox su g\u0259ls\u0259, X\u0259z\u0259rin relyefi \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 do\u011fru meyilli oldu\u011fundan, ax\u0131nt\u0131 o t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 gedir. Orada da buxarlanma y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259nziml\u0259nir. Amma bu zaman da X\u0259z\u0259rin buxarlanma sah\u0259si azal\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki X\u0259z\u0259rin \u015fimal hiss\u0259si \u00e7ox dayazd\u0131r, d\u0259rinliyi 4-5 metrdir. Bir-birini kompensasiya etm\u0259si vacibdir.<\/p>\n 2050-ci ild\u0259 bu g\u00fcn il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si t\u0259xmin\u0259n 2,5 metr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r en\u0259 bil\u0259r. 1977-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnd\u0259n 70 sm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olub v\u0259 bu, son 400 ild\u0259 \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ricidir. T\u0259xmin\u0259n d\u00f6rd-be\u015f il \u0259rzind\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si h\u0259min v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xacaq. H\u0259tta daha bir-iki metr d\u0259 en\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ondan sonra yen\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 artma d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flayacaq\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cQeyd edim ki, 2020-23-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin orta g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi 20 sm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, d\u00fcnya okean\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 28,4 metr a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. Amma 1977-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 29 metr olub. Bu g\u00fcn X\u0259z\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si 60 sm d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k, g\u0259lib h\u0259min s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7ata bil\u0259r\u201d, – dey\u0259 \u018fmir \u018fliyev sonda qeyd edib.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n