F\u0130Z\u0130KA<\/b><\/p>\n
\u018fhm\u0259d ibn Musa \u201cQ\u0259rib\u0259 sisteml\u0259r\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 1000-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r avtomatik n\u0259zar\u0259t sistemli cihaz\u0131n plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\u018fb\u00fcl-izz \u0130smay\u0131l \u0259l-C\u0259z\u0259ri (v\u0259f. 1206) \u201cKitab\u00fcl-xiy\u0259l\u201d (\u201cX\u0259yallar kitab\u0131\u201d) adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259 kibernetikan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.<\/p>\n
Optika elminin t\u0259m\u0259lini qoymu\u015f \u0130bn Heys\u0259m (965-1051) \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259r kitab\u0131\u201d il\u0259 Rocer Bekon (1214-1294), Kepler (1571-1630) v\u0259 Leonardo da Vin\u00e7i (1452-1519) kimi aliml\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259kan verdi. Bu kitab 600 il elm d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u0259sas \u0259s\u0259r say\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fcr\u0259vi aynalarda \u0259ks olunmas\u0131 mexanizmi d\u0259 onun ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cAlxazen problemi\u201d (\u0130bn Heys\u0259min Avropadak\u0131 ad\u0131d\u0131r) adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Farabi (870-950) s\u0259sin fiziki izah\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn Q\u0259rar\u0259 (v\u0259f. 1100) ilk torna d\u0259zgah\u0131n\u0131 qurmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015f \u0130smail C\u00f6vh\u0259ri (950-1010) h\u0259lak oldu. \u201cH\u0259zarf\u0259n\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bli \u018fhm\u0259d \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi (XVII \u0259sr) \u00e7iynin\u0259 ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 qanadlarla \u0130stanbuldak\u0131 Qalata q\u00fcll\u0259sind\u0259n \u00dcsk\u00fcdardak\u0131 Do\u011fanlara q\u0259d\u0259r u\u00e7araq, ilk u\u011furlu u\u00e7u\u015fu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi. IV Murad zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Laqari H\u0259s\u0259n \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi is\u0259 raket tipli ixtiras\u0131yla ilk u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u015f\u0259r\u0259fini qazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk t\u0259yyar\u0259 tipli cihaz\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 880-ci ild\u0259 \u0130bn Firnas adl\u0131 m\u00fcs\u0259lman alimi qurmu\u015fdur. O, qu\u015f t\u00fck\u00fc v\u0259 quma\u015fdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259yyar\u0259d\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t havada qald\u0131 v\u0259 s\u00fcz\u0259r\u0259k yer\u0259 endi. Q\u0259rbd\u0259 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Orvilla Rayt qarda\u015flar\u0131 t\u0259yyar\u0259d\u0259 ilk u\u00e7u\u015fu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Yerin cazib\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259sinin Nyuton t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edildiyini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r. Halbuki, Razid\u0259n tutmu\u015f Biruniy\u0259, h\u0259tta Xaziniy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0130slam aliml\u0259ri yerin cazib\u0259 qanunu il\u0259 maraqlanm\u0131\u015flar. Professor \u0130smay\u0131l Hakk\u0131 \u0130zmirli v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d G\u00fcrgan, Razi v\u0259 Biruninin yerin cazib\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 fikirl\u0259rini t\u0259dqiq etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u0130slam aliml\u0259ri Nyutondan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sr \u0259vv\u0259l Yerin cazib\u0259sini k\u0259\u015ff etmi\u015f, bu sah\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r vermi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Qalileyd\u0259n (1564-1642) d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259l k\u0259fgirli saatdan \u0130bn Yunus istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Xazini \u201cMizan\u00fcl-hikm\u0259t\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259zil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda bilgi vermi\u015f, bir \u00e7ox madd\u0259l\u0259rin x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisini hesablam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Biruni 18 n\u00f6v madd\u0259nin x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisini (b\u0259zil\u0259rini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259) hesablam\u0131\u015f, suyun qat\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Xazini havan\u0131n s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesablam\u0131\u015f, k\u00fcl\u0259yin s\u00fcr\u0259ti il\u0259 hava s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni Torri\u00e7ellid\u0259n (1608-1647) \u0259vv\u0259l k\u0259\u015ff etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Atom\u00fcn daxilind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir enerji gizl\u0259ndiyini, atomun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 bu zaman Ba\u011fdad\u0131 alt-\u00fcst ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k bir g\u00fcc\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u201ckimyan\u0131n atas\u0131\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bli Cabir ibn H\u0259yyan (721-805) s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si Q\u00fctb\u0259ddin \u015eirazi Dekartdan 300 il \u0259vv\u0259l \u201c\u0259laim\u00fcs-s\u0259ma\u201d (g\u00f6yqur\u015fa\u011f\u0131) hadis\u0259sinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn izah\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Eyn\u015fteynin (1879-1955) t\u0259dqiqat apard\u0131\u011f\u0131, amma sona \u00e7atd\u0131ra bilm\u0259diyi z\u0259if elektromaqnit q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f sah\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 prof. \u018fbd\u00fcss\u0259lam (1926-1979) Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
CO\u011eRAF\u0130YA<\/b><\/p>\n
Co\u011frafiyan\u0131n bir elm kimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na t\u0259kan ver\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131 qar\u0131\u015f- qar\u0131\u015f dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00d6vliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259binin (1611-1682), 29 il \u0259rzind\u0259 olk\u0259l\u0259ri, qit\u0259l\u0259ri g\u0259zmi\u015f \u0130bn B\u0259ttut\u0259nin (1304-1369) s\u0259yah\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259ri misilsiz tarix v\u0259 co\u011frafiya x\u0259zin\u0259l\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n
Biruni indiki Amerikan\u0131n yerind\u0259 torpaq oldu\u011funu \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6nc\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r vermi\u015fdir. Piri-R\u0259is (1465-1554) d\u0259 \u00f6z \u201cKitabi-b\u0259hriyy\u0259\u201dsind\u0259 Amerikan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Vasko da Qamaya (1450-1554) d\u00fcnya s\u0259yah\u0259tind\u0259 \u0130bn M\u0259cid (XV \u0259sr) adl\u0131 bir m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u0259niz\u00e7i yol g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130drisi (1100-1166) 850 il b\u00fcndan \u0259vv\u0259l m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnya x\u0259rit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r bir x\u0259rit\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdi. Piri-R\u0259isin Amerika x\u0259rit\u0259si m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l bir v\u0259saitdir. Piri-R\u0259isd\u0259n 52 il \u0259vv\u0259l M\u00fcrsiy\u0259li \u0130brahim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi x\u0259rit\u0259si m\u00fcasir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 tamamil\u0259 uy\u011fundur.<\/p>\n
BOTAN\u0130KA V\u018f ZOOLOG\u0130YA<\/b><\/p>\n
Orta \u0259srl\u0259rin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck botaniki v\u0259 \u0259cza\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f \u0130bn Baytar (1190-1248) \u00f6z kitab\u0131nda 1400-\u0259 yax\u0131n bitki v\u0259 d\u0259rman n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259svirini vermi\u015f, h\u0259min \u0259s\u0259r XVI \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas elm m\u0259nb\u0259yi olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
D\u0259miri (1349-1405) adl\u0131 alim heyvanlar al\u0259minin inc\u0259likl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cH\u0259yat\u00fcl-h\u0259y\u0259van\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 zoologiya elmin\u0259 z\u0259nginlik g\u0259tirmi\u015fdir. \u0130bn \u018fvvam\u0131n (XII \u0259sr) k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na aid kitablar\u0131 da orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
TAR\u0130X V\u018f MEMARLIQ<\/b><\/p>\n
Tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli simalar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015f \u0130bn X\u0259ldun (1332-1406) sosiologiya elminin banisi olaraq xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. O, \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir \u00e7ox Q\u0259rb alimi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Memarl\u0131qdan s\u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rk\u0259n, hamdan \u00f6nc\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259riyl\u0259 ya\u015fayan Memar Sinan (1489-1588) yada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
F\u0130Z\u0130KA \u018fhm\u0259d ibn Musa \u201cQ\u0259rib\u0259 sisteml\u0259r\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 1000-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r avtomatik n\u0259zar\u0259t sistemli cihaz\u0131n plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir. \u018fb\u00fcl-izz \u0130smay\u0131l \u0259l-C\u0259z\u0259ri (v\u0259f. 1206) \u201cKitab\u00fcl-xiy\u0259l\u201d (\u201cX\u0259yallar kitab\u0131\u201d) adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259 kibernetikan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu. Optika elminin t\u0259m\u0259lini qoymu\u015f \u0130bn Heys\u0259m (965-1051) \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259r kitab\u0131\u201d il\u0259 Rocer Bekon (1214-1294), Kepler (1571-1630) v\u0259 Leonardo da Vin\u00e7i (1452-1519) kimi aliml\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259kan verdi. Bu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cmiyyt"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t