Bak\u0131 yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n dini m\u0259rk\u0259z, m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s \u015f\u0259h\u0259r olub. El\u0259 \u201cBak\u0131\u201d\u00a0ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cAllah \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259si d\u0259 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sliyini s\u00fcbut edir. T\u0259bii od qaynaqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n deyil, Orta Asiya v\u0259 Hindistan at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259rinin d\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s m\u0259b\u0259di olub. Bu m\u0259b\u0259d-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r ill\u0259r ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s odlar diyar\u0131\u201d kimi m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015f\u0131b.<\/p>\n
VII \u0259srin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si il\u0259 Bak\u0131da xeyli sayda m\u0259scidl\u0259rin tikintisin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u00f6z missiyas\u0131n\u0131 bu d\u0259f\u0259 \u0130slam t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n davam etdirirdi. Bu m\u0259scidl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n Bak\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259ni say\u0131lan \u0130\u00e7\u0259ri\u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259razisind\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 ruslar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si pravoslav kils\u0259l\u0259rinin tikilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. 1815-ci ild\u0259 in\u015fa olunmu\u015f kils\u0259y\u0259 \u0130sa M\u0259sihin apostollar\u0131ndan olan Varfolomeyin ad\u0131 verilir. Apostol Varfolomey xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyan\u0131 g\u0259zmi\u015f, oradan Hindistana getmi\u015f, sonda Bak\u0131ya g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Kils\u0259y\u0259 onun ad\u0131n\u0131n verilm\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir. Deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Varfolomey m\u0259hz Q\u0131z qalas\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
1895-ci ild\u0259 tikilmi\u015f B\u0259yl\u0259r m\u0259scidinin in\u015fas\u0131nda Bak\u0131 milyon\u00e7usu Murtuza Muxtarov \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n i\u015ftirak edib. Onun maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 tikil\u0259n daha bir m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s abid\u0259 \u018fmircanda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Murtuza Muxtarov m\u0259scididir. M\u0259scidin maraql\u0131 tikilm\u0259 tarix\u00e7\u0259si var. 1901-ci ild\u0259 yerli \u0259hali m\u0259scidin tikintisin\u0259 ba\u015flasa da, sonradan tikintini ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti t\u00fck\u0259nir. \u018fhali yard\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn neft milyon\u00e7usu Murtuza Muxtarova m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir. Milyon\u00e7u m\u0259scidin tikilm\u0259si il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131r v\u0259 onun layih\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn memarlar\u0131 d\u0259v\u0259t edir. O, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 memarla m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fdikd\u0259n sonra tikintinin ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n x\u0259rcini \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.\u00a01908-ci ild\u0259 m\u0259scid m\u0259\u015fhur memar\u00a0Ziv\u0259rb\u0259y \u018fhm\u0259db\u0259yovun\u00a0layih\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131n\u0131 Bibiheyb\u0259t m\u0259scidi olmadan t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. M\u0259\u015fhur \u015feird\u0259 deyildiyi kimi:\u00a0Bak\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131r Bibi-Heyb\u0259tin qara n\u0259zir qutusundan…\u00a0<\/strong>M\u0259scidin ad\u0131 yeddinci \u0130mam Museyi Kazimin q\u0131z\u0131, \u0130mam Rzan\u0131n bac\u0131s\u0131 H\u0259kim\u0259 xan\u0131m v\u0259 onun qulam\u0131 Heyb\u0259tin ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0259vay\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, H\u0259kim\u0259 xan\u0131m \u018fr\u0259b Xilaf\u0259tinin t\u0259qibl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalaraq v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259n did\u0259rgin olur. O, \u00f6z qulam\u0131 Heyb\u0259tl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 S\u0259bay\u0131ld\u0259, \u015e\u0131x k\u0259ndi \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015f\u0131b. Yerli \u0259hali H\u0259kim\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n burda ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nd\u0259n gizl\u0259tm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 onu \u201cHeyb\u0259tin bibisi\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cBibi-Heyb\u0259t\u201d dey\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131b. H\u0259r iki \u015f\u0259xs uzun illl\u0259r burada ya\u015fay\u0131b, el\u0259 burada da d\u0259fn olunublar.<\/p>\n Bibi-Heyb\u0259t \u00e7ox ilkl\u0259rin \u015fahidi olub: Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131yev ilk quyunu burada qazd\u0131r\u0131b, Xur\u015fidbanu Nat\u0259van Bibi-Heyb\u0259ti ziyar\u0259t etdikd\u0259n sonra ilk \u00f6vlad\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lib. Aleksandr D\u00fcma Qafqaza s\u0259f\u0259ri zaman\u0131 Bak\u0131da olark\u0259n ilk Bibi-Heyb\u0259t m\u0259scidini ziyar\u0259t edib. Bu m\u0259scid \u015eirvan\u015fahlar d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin\u00a0iyirmi s\u0259kkizinci h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Axsitan ibn F\u0259rib\u00fcrz\u00a0t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n\u00a0XIII \u0259srin\u00a0II yar\u0131s\u0131nda tikilib. SSR\u0130-d\u0259 din\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 zaman\u0131 bu dini abid\u0259\u00a01936-c\u0131 ild\u0259\u00a0bol\u015fevikl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tamamil\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131l\u0131r. Buna baxmayaraq 1959-cu ild\u0259 rejissor \u018flis\u0259ttar Ataki\u015fiyev \u201cBir qalan\u0131n sirri\u201d filmind\u0259 Simnar xan\u0131n saray\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259svir ed\u0259rk\u0259n Bibi-Heyb\u0259t m\u0259scidinin maketini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r bir minar\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan m\u0259scid, b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra qo\u015faminar\u0259li m\u0259scid\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n Bak\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 T\u0259z\u0259pir m\u0259scidi olub. Bu m\u0259scidin yaranmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif versiyalar var. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r sakinl\u0259rind\u0259n biri T\u0259z\u0259pirin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259razid\u0259 su quyusu qazanda t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n m\u0259zar a\u015fkar edib. Dindarlar oran\u0131 ziyar\u0259t yerin\u0259 \u00e7evirib v\u0259 \u201cT\u0259z\u0259pir\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131blar. Tarix\u00e7i Sara A\u015furb\u0259yli \u201cBak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin tarixi\u201d kitab\u0131nda bu m\u0259zar\u0131 XIV \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fayan v\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6rk\u0259mli alimi \u018fbu Seyid Abdullaya aid edib.<\/p>\n Sara A\u015furb\u0259ylinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Nabat A\u015furb\u0259yovan\u0131n o\u011flu h\u0259bs olunur, lakin ert\u0259si g\u00fcn b\u0259ra\u0259t alaraq azadl\u0131\u011fa burax\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0259bsd\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gec\u0259 yuxuda bir a\u011fsaqqal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. A\u011fsaqqal ona deyir: \u201cS\u0259n g\u00fcnahkar deyils\u0259n, s\u0259birli ol, sabah azadl\u0131\u011fa burax\u0131lacaqsan. Bu m\u00fcjd\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015eeyx \u018fbu S\u0259id m\u0259zar\u0131n yerind\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259 m\u0259scid tik\u201d. A\u015furb\u0259yova o\u011flunun azad olunmas\u0131ndan sonra m\u0259scidin tikintisi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 daha \u0259vv\u0259l bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259scidin memar\u0131 olan Ziv\u0259r b\u0259y \u018fhm\u0259db\u0259yova m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir. 1905-ci ild\u0259 yeni m\u0259scidin in\u015fas\u0131 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Nabat xan\u0131m b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 da\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131yevi d\u0259v\u0259t edir. Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, tikinti zaman\u0131 A\u015furb\u0259yovan\u0131n maddi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri yaran\u0131r. Ta\u011f\u0131yev ona yard\u0131m t\u0259klif edir, lakin Nabat xan\u0131m q\u0259bul etmir. O \u00f6z m\u00fclkiy\u0259tini sataraq, m\u0259scidin tikintisini davam etdirir. 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ibad\u0259t evinin in\u015fas\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7at\u0131r. Layih\u0259nin son da\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da m\u0259hz Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin qoyur.<\/p>\n 1918-1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 M\u0259scidl\u0259r daha \u00e7ox siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunub. Mart soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 zaman\u0131 Bak\u0131 Qo\u00e7ular\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri erm\u0259ni da\u015fnaklardan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259scidl\u0259rd\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlar ke\u00e7iribl\u0259r. N\u0259riman N\u0259rimanov Aprel inqilab\u0131ndan sonra Bak\u0131ya g\u0259li\u015fi zaman\u0131 M\u0259scidd\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaq ke\u00e7irib, \u0259hali il\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259r apar\u0131b.<\/p>\n M\u00fcst\u0259qillik ill\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259scidl\u0259rin say\u0131 art\u0131b.\u00a0\u018fg\u0259r sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda c\u0259mi 17 m\u0259scid var idis\u0259, bu g\u00fcn m\u0259scidl\u0259rin say\u0131 2250-dir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n 136-s\u0131 Bak\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015fir. \u015ei\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 s\u00fcnnil\u0259rin birlikd\u0259 namaz q\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Heyd\u0259r m\u0259scidinin istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilm\u0259si respublikam\u0131zda d\u00f6vl\u0259t-din m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ifad\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n \u018ftrafl\u0131 Baku TV-nin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 Emil Hac\u0131yevin ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131nda:<\/p>\n