{"id":759876,"date":"2024-10-09T17:14:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T13:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=759876"},"modified":"2024-10-09T17:14:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T13:14:16","slug":"susada-qazan-tayfasinin-s%c9%99r%c9%99fin%c9%99-tikil%c9%99n-kils%c9%99-erm%c9%99nil%c9%99r-m%c9%99b%c9%99di-nec%c9%99-oz%c9%99ll%c9%99sdirmisdi-tarixi-arasdirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=759876","title":{"rendered":"\u015eu\u015fada Qazan tayfas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 tikil\u0259n kils\u0259: Erm\u0259nil\u0259r m\u0259b\u0259di nec\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdi? \u2013 Tarixi ara\u015fd\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qaraba\u011f\u0131n i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u00fcquqi t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycana qar\u015f\u0131 iddia qald\u0131rmaq \u015fanslar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu bil\u0259-bil\u0259 buradak\u0131 b\u0259zi abid\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u201cerm\u0259ni\u201d dam\u011fas\u0131 vurma\u011fa c\u0259hd edirl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n bel\u0259 c\u0259hdl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u015eu\u015fada haz\u0131rda t\u0259mir edilm\u0259kd\u0259 olan Qazan\u00e7\u0131 kafedral kils\u0259sini erm\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u201cKazan\u00e7etsots\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 kils\u0259 bar\u0259d\u0259 iddialar\u0131 da g\u00fcl\u00fcncd\u00fcr v\u0259 \u00e7ox t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bizim b\u0259zi mediada da bu yanl\u0131\u015f m\u0259lumatlar verilir ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r d\u0259 bundan yararlan\u0131rlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dosent, siyasi elml\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru Zaur \u018fliyev Musavat.com<\/strong>-a a\u00e7\u0131qlamas\u0131nda bildirib ki, h\u0259tta b\u0259z\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t q\u0259zetl\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r ki, guya rus \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri ibad\u0259tl\u0259rini v\u0259 b\u0259zi dini ayinl\u0259rini rahat icra etsin dey\u0259 1858-ci ild\u0259 rus koman\u00addanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 z\u0259ng q\u00fcll\u0259si, 1868-1887-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 kils\u0259 tikilib.<\/p>\n

\u201cGuya kils\u0259nin tikintisind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn indiki Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Culfa rayonunun Qazan\u00e7\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259n \u015eu\u015faya erm\u0259ni \u0259hali k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. Yerli \u0259hali Culfadan g\u0259l\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259ri \u201cqazan\u00e7\u0131lar\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131blar. El\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 kils\u0259nin ad\u0131na Qazan\u00e7\u0131 kils\u0259si deyibl\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259k olmaz. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin iddia etdiyi kimi, bu kils\u0259ni Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n Qazan\u00e7\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259n bura k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r 1722-ci ild\u0259 tikm\u0259yibl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r tiks\u0259ydil\u0259r, Qazan\u00e7\u0131 kafedral kils\u0259sind\u0259 erm\u0259ni-qriqoryan memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubunu v\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 ornamentl\u0259rini burada g\u00f6rm\u0259k olard\u0131. Onda \u0259ks sual yaran\u0131r: niy\u0259 onun memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubu erm\u0259ni kils\u0259 memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan f\u0259rql\u0259nir?<\/p>\n

\"QAZAN.jpeg<\/p>\n

Kils\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r, 1722-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, Alban memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na aid birnefli m\u0259b\u0259d olub. T\u0259kc\u0259 \u015eu\u015fada olan Qazan\u00e7\u0131 kils\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 deyil, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qaraba\u011f b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 olan Alban xristianl\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid olan abid\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 saxtala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Bunlardan biri d\u0259 ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n m\u0259b\u0259ddir. Alban memarl\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259 daxil olan \u015eu\u015fadak\u0131 m\u0259b\u0259din rus i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rdbucaql\u0131, planl\u0131, birnefli zal\u0131 olub. \u015e\u0259rq hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yar\u0131mdair\u0259vi apsis, sa\u011f v\u0259 sol t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259slikl\u0259r olub. \u015eimal divar\u0131nda v\u0259ftiz \u015frifti qorunub saxlan\u0131l\u0131b. Silindrik tonoz pilasterl\u0259rd\u0259n yuxar\u0131 qalxan uzununa v\u0259 enin\u0259 ta\u011flara s\u00f6yk\u0259nirdi. Dam\u0131 g\u00f6vd\u0259li, torpaq b\u0259ndi olub. \u018fh\u0259ng m\u0259hlulu il\u0259 yar\u0131 emal edilmi\u015f \u0259h\u0259ng da\u015f\u0131ndan tikilmi\u015f idi. P\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 qap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ta\u011flar v\u0259 altl\u0131qlar t\u0259miz yonulmu\u015f da\u015flardan h\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f idi. Yegan\u0259 giri\u015f c\u0259nubdan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Qeyd edim ki, erm\u0259ni kils\u0259l\u0259rinin memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubunda iki giri\u015f olur, t\u0259k giri\u015f is\u0259 Alban memarl\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259 m\u0259xsusdur. \u0130bad\u0259t zal\u0131 yeddi p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 il\u0259 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Qaynaqlar yaz\u0131r ki, \u201cM\u0259b\u0259din memarl\u0131q planla\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 kompozisiya h\u0259lli, heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015fl\u0131q n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 diofizit xarakterli elementl\u0259r bu abid\u0259nin \u00e7ox\u0259srlik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri olan Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131 memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na aid oldu\u011funu t\u0259sdiq edir. Diofizit kils\u0259l\u0259rinin memarl\u0131q n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n altar hiss\u0259si d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 25 sm-d\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, maksimal h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc 50 sm olub. Ke\u015fi\u015fin orada etdiyi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rin kils\u0259y\u0259 ibad\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259si qada\u011fand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir fakt\u0131 da qeyd edim ki, Alban d\u00f6vr\u00fc memarl\u0131q abid\u0259l\u0259rinin da\u015f v\u0259 divar r\u0259sml\u0259rind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 s\u00fcjet xarakterli oymalarda daha \u00e7ox t\u00fcrkdilli xalqlara m\u0259xsus elementl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si, haz\u0131rk\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bu abid\u0259l\u0259rin erm\u0259nil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daha \u00e7ox z\u0259r\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Birm\u0259nal\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r C\u0259nubi Qafqazda tarix v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrk ornamentl\u0259rinin v\u0259 simvollar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etmirl\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar alban d\u00f6vr\u00fc abid\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki ornament v\u0259 simvollar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi q\u0259bul ets\u0259l\u0259r, onda bu abid\u0259l\u0259rin erm\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u0259s niy\u0259 Qazan\u00e7\u0131 adlan\u0131r? Qeyd etdiyim kimi, buran\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n Culfa rayonunun Qazan\u00e7\u0131 k\u0259ndi, yaxud qazan\u00e7\u0131lar il\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259si yoxdur. Ona qalsa, Z\u0259ngilan, A\u011fd\u0259r\u0259, Goranboy, A\u011fdam, \u015e\u00f6r\u0259yel v\u0259 A\u011fbaba mahal\u0131nda da Qazan\u00e7\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan k\u0259ndl\u0259r olub. Bu m\u0259ntiqd\u0259n baxsaq, \u0259n yax\u0131n \u0259razi el\u0259 buralar say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, Nax\u00e7\u0131vandan niy\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t edirdil\u0259r, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259ri? O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r idi ki, Culfada?<\/p>\n

Bu m\u0259b\u0259d t\u00fcrkdilli q\u0259dim bulqarlar\u0131n Kazan\/Qazan tayfas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, onlar ilk d\u0259f\u0259 eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l II \u0259srd\u0259 bulqarlar\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 Zaqafqaziya \u0259razisin\u0259 g\u0259libl\u0259r. Eram\u0131z\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259 hunlar\u0131n, suvar v\u0259 avarlar\u0131n, daha sonralar is\u0259 x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259skunla\u015f\u0131blar. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259, habel\u0259 Ukrayna, Ba\u015fq\u0131rd\u0131stan, Tatar\u0131stan, Q\u0259rbi Sibir v\u0259 s. yerl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 qazanlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 toponiml\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur. Xristian dinin\u0259 aid olan bulqarlar\u0131n Kazan-Qazan tayfas\u0131 da \u015eu\u015fada ibad\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 birnefli m\u0259b\u0259d in\u015fa edibl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n tayfalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Kazan\u00e7\u0131\/Qazan\u00e7\u0131 adlan\u0131b bura. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Qazan\u00e7\u0131 oykoniminin \u0259sas\u0131nda dayanan Qazan komponenti q\u0259dim bulqar tayfalar\u0131ndan birinin ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu kils\u0259nin n\u0259 ruslara, n\u0259 d\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 aidiyy\u0259ti var. Ruslar Qaraba\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rin ibad\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yer azl\u0131q edirdi dey\u0259, buran\u0131 onlar ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259ndirib pravoslav kils\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7eviribl\u0259r. Kils\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n as\u0131lan z\u0259ng, \u015eu\u015fadak\u0131 rus komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n Tula \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 haz\u0131rlanaraq, h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 \u015eu\u015faya g\u0259tirilmi\u015fdi. 1868-1887-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 Alban m\u0259b\u0259dini s\u00f6k\u0259r\u0259k onun xarabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259, rus provaslav kils\u0259 memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcslubunda yeni kils\u0259 tikibl\u0259r. Ad\u0131n\u0131 da qoyublar \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Xilaskar Kafedral\u0131\u201d. Bir m\u0259lumat\u0131 da bildirim ki, h\u0259tta erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u00f6zl\u0259rinin kitablar\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131r ki, \u201cQazan\u00e7\u0131 kils\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131 1858-ci ild\u0259 \u201cba\u015fqa kils\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259\u201d qoyulub, 1868-87-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 tam in\u015fa edilib\u201d. H\u0259tta Mesrop Taxiadyan\u0131n 1820-ci ild\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cErm\u0259nistana s\u0259yah\u0259t\u201d kitab\u0131nda 1820-ci ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r burda Alban kils\u0259sinin oldu\u011fu tam a\u015fkar yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Qeyd edim ki, rus i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra 1816-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ilk kils\u0259, ikincisi 1822-ci ild\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc 1832-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u2013 Qazan\u00e7\u0131lar 1887-ci ild\u0259 tikilib. 1827-ci il noyabr\u0131n 4-d\u0259 I Nikolay\u0131n f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n ba\u015f m\u0259scidi d\u0259yi\u015fdirilib xristian kils\u0259sin\u0259 (\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0446\u044b) \u00e7evrildi\u201d, –\u00a0Z. \u018fliyev qeyd edib.<\/p>\n

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