{"id":808763,"date":"2025-05-28T12:15:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T08:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=808763"},"modified":"2025-05-28T12:15:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T08:15:42","slug":"28-may-qurur-gunumuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arantv.az\/?p=808763","title":{"rendered":"28 May – Q\u00fcrur G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131 v\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tli ictimai-siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 \u015fahidlik edirdi. 1905-1907-ci ill\u0259r inqilablar\u0131, maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, m\u0259tbuat\u0131n v\u0259 siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 xalq\u0131n milli oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. 1917-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcqutu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Qafqazda siyasi bo\u015fluq meydana g\u0259ldi. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 milli liderl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z m\u00fcq\u0259ddarat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yinetm\u0259 imkanlar\u0131 yaratd\u0131…<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan tarixind\u0259 28 May tarixi, mill\u0259tin azadl\u0131q, m\u00fcst\u0259qillik v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik ideallar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. 1918-ci il may ay\u0131n\u0131n 28-d\u0259 elan edil\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti (AXC) t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcnn \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ilk parlamentli respublikas\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Q\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq , AXC-nin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli \u015f\u00fcurunun formala\u015fmas\u0131, demokratik v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan misilsiz rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1918-ci il may\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u201c\u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259si\u201d il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti yarad\u0131ld\u0131. H\u0259min b\u0259yannam\u0259d\u0259 yeni yarad\u0131lan d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u0259sas f\u0259aliyy\u0259t prinsipl\u0259ri b\u0259yan edilirdi:<\/p>\n

-D\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259ti xalq\u0131n irad\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r;<\/p>\n

-B\u00fct\u00fcn v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara b\u0259rab\u0259r h\u00fcquqlar v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar t\u0259min edilir;<\/p>\n

-Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015fayan xalqlar\u0131n milli, dini v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qorunur.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 milli ordu, parlament, h\u00f6kum\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 orqanlar\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Parlament \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131 sistem \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015fdu v\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlardan ba\u015fqa erm\u0259ni, rus, y\u0259hudi v\u0259 alman n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 t\u0259msil olunurdu. Bu fakt d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00e7oxmill\u0259tli v\u0259 demokratik xarakter da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

AXC iqtisadi sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra vacib add\u0131mlar atd\u0131. Neft s\u0259nayesind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259tinin b\u0259rpa olunmas\u0131, milli pul vahidinin burax\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6mr\u00fck sisteminin t\u0259\u015fkili v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 sabitliyin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 add\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00f6kum\u0259t torpaq islahatlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 layih\u0259l\u0259r haz\u0131rlayaraq k\u0259ndli t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu t\u0259dbirl\u0259r iqtisadi m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin milli \u0259saslarla qurulmas\u0131 da AXC-nin prioritet m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n idi. 1919-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlardan biri idi. H\u0259m\u00e7inin milli orta m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r, m\u00fc\u0259llim haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lma\u011fa v\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259r haz\u0131rlanma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. Ana dilind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si, milli kimliyin qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259v\u0259zsiz \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edirdi.<\/p>\n

AXC h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259ti m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259md\u0259 tan\u0131tmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 aktiv diplomatik f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. 1919-cu ilin dekabr\u0131nda Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131na n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, 1920-ci il yanvar\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri (B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Rusiya, Fransa, \u0130taliya v\u0259 Yaponiya) Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 de-fakto tan\u0131d\u0131lar. Bu, beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin legitimliyini t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259 olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, eyni zamanda AXC-nin beyn\u0259lxalq legitimliyini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirdi v\u0259 onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemind\u0259 yerini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdi. Bir s\u0131ra \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 diplomatik m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r quruldu v\u0259 xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r Bak\u0131da n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259rini a\u00e7d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 AXC milli ordu quruculu\u011funa ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u0259m\u0259d b\u0259y Mehmandarov v\u0259 \u018flia\u011fa \u015e\u0131xl\u0131nski kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r bu sah\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259al rol oynad\u0131lar. G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259, Bak\u0131da v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ordu hiss\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Milli ordu erm\u0259ni-da\u015fnak silahl\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u00fccumlar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaqda v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 sabitliyi t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131. Ordunun t\u0259\u015fkili, h\u0259m d\u0259 xalqda milli h\u0259mr\u0259yliyin formala\u015fmas\u0131na t\u0259kan verdi.<\/p>\n

AXC d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 xalq aras\u0131nda milli kimlik v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t hissi artd\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck, islam\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcny\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin v\u0259hd\u0259ti \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulan ideoloji x\u0259tt, xalq\u0131n h\u0259m dini-m\u0259n\u0259vi, h\u0259m d\u0259 milli-siyasi bax\u0131mdan maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fifahi \u0259d\u0259biyyat, musiqi, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259ri inki\u015faf etdirildi. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ictimai h\u0259yatda f\u0259alla\u015fmas\u0131, maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin b\u0259rab\u0259r \u00fczvl\u0259ri kimi q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131 bu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ndir…<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259tin beyn\u0259lxalq \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Qafqaz regionu Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 idi. B\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 Osmanl\u0131, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, bol\u015fevik Rusiyas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 qon\u015fu G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan kimi aktorlar\u0131n maraqlar\u0131 toqqu\u015furdu. Sovet Rusiyas\u0131 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda t\u0259sir dair\u0259sini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft ehtiyatlar\u0131 bu maraqlar\u0131 daha da art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259t q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck miqyasl\u0131 probleml\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, daxild\u0259 iqtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r, sosial naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar v\u0259 sabit olmayan siyasi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t d\u00f6vl\u0259tin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu. Parlament daxilind\u0259 \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131 sistem, zamanla q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu l\u0259ngiyir v\u0259 siyasi par\u00e7alanmalara yol a\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

AXC ordusunun tam formala\u015fmamas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bilm\u0259m\u0259si, bol\u015fevikl\u0259rin h\u0259rbi t\u0259zyiql\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti z\u0259ifl\u0259tmi\u015fdi. 1920-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Q\u0131z\u0131l ordu C\u0259nubi Qafqaza ir\u0259lil\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259rbi planlar haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1920-ci ilin aprelind\u0259 Q\u0131z\u0131l ordu Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131. 27 aprel gec\u0259si Bak\u0131 Sovetinin v\u0259 bol\u015fevikl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 ultimatum verildi. M\u00fcqavim\u0259tin t\u0259\u015fkilin\u0259 c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rils\u0259 d\u0259, 28 aprel 1920-i ild\u0259 AXC h\u00f6kum\u0259ti hakimiyy\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan \u0130nqilab Komit\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259hvil verdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131 elan olundu…<\/p>\n

71 il Sovetl\u0259r ittifaq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 ya\u015famaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qalan Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik ideyas\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lsa da, xalq\u0131n milli d\u00f6vl\u0259r\u00e7ilik arzusu he\u00e7 zaman s\u00f6nm\u0259di. Zamanla bu ideya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formada, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 1940-50-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n AXC liderl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1991-ci ild\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa ed\u0259rk\u0259n, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin varisi elan etdi. 1995-ci il Konstitusiyas\u0131 da daxil olmaqla m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturu AXC-nin t\u0259m\u0259l prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259-h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, demokratik idar\u0259\u00e7ilik – \u0259saslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev AXC-nin tarixinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259, onu ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259nc n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na x\u00fcsusi \u00f6n\u0259m vermi\u015fdir. Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 bu miras m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n milli kimliyinin ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u0259r bir az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u00fcrur m\u0259nb\u0259yidir. Onun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti xalq\u0131n milli azadl\u0131q u\u011frunda apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin zirv\u0259sidir. 28 May- Respublika g\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259kc\u0259 tarixi bir g\u00fcn deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qillik irad\u0259sinin, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 azadl\u0131q e\u015fqinin simvoludur.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcst\u0259qillik asan \u0259ld\u0259 olunmur, lakin onu qorumaq v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k daha b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259suliyy\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu g\u00fcn bizim borcumuz Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin ideallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmaq, onu layiqinc\u0259 davam etdirm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

V\u00fcqar s\u0259rdarov<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7\u0259ri \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Qoruq \u0130dar\u0259sinin Elmi M\u0259d\u0259ni M\u0259rk\u0259zin direktoru,<\/p>\n

YAP S\u0259bael rayon \u0259razi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri<\/p>\n

\"e4656759-4480-43fb-8300-fafedf6de954.jpg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131 v\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tli ictimai-siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 \u015fahidlik edirdi. 1905-1907-ci ill\u0259r inqilablar\u0131, maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, m\u0259tbuat\u0131n v\u0259 siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 xalq\u0131n milli oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. 1917-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcqutu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Qafqazda siyasi bo\u015fluq meydana g\u0259ldi. 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